European forests offer possible solutions to the climate crisis due to the role they play as a carbon sink, but at the same time they are vulnerable to climate change. Extreme weather events, such as environmental windstorms, cause huge economic and social impacts, as happened after Vaia event in 2018. In contexts where forests perform important functions, it is crucial to restore forest cover in a short time or at least speed up natural dynamics, reconstituting populations that benefit from greater structural and compositional biodiversity, in order to increase their resilience and adaptability to long-term climate change. The public and private forest nursery sector must respond to a growing demand for plant material and be ready to guarantee the traceability and quality of the material produced, also contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts. In this delicate scenario, a life cycle analysis (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of a reforestation with Picea abies (L.) Karst, preceded by a chipping operation of the branches present in the reforestation area. The GaBi 6.0 software and the CML 2001 (2016) impact assessment method were used for the analysis. The analysis was carried out according to the cradle to gate approach, including within the system boundaries the upstream phase (seed production) up to the planting of seedlings in the forest. The highest impacts were found for the following environmental impact categories: global warming potential (443,91 kg CO2eq), freshwater ecotoxicity (142,43 kg DBDeq) and human toxicity (167,72 kg DCBeq). The life cycle phases that contribute the most to the impact categories are: the seedlings production and the chipping and reforestation. In the context of reforestation operations, the production and transport of HDPE seedling protection systems cause the greatest impacts, contributing to the global warming potential (GWP) with 245,60 kg CO 2 eq equal to 95,27% of total emissions. The results obtained can guide the choices of the subjects involved in the restoration interventions of the damaged wooded surfaces, and of the subjects operating in the nursery sector in order to identify any technical improvements.
Le foreste europee offrono possibili soluzioni alla crisi climatica per il ruolo che svolgono come “pozzo” (sink) di carbonio, ma nel contempo rappresentano degli ecosistemi vulnerabili ai cambiamenti climatici. Gli eventi meteorologici estremi, quali le tempeste di vento, causano ingenti impatti ambientali, economici e sociali, come accaduto a seguito dell’evento Vaia nel 2018. Nei contesti in cui le foreste svolgono importanti funzioni, è opportuno ripristinare la copertura forestale in breve tempo o perlomeno accelerare le dinamiche naturali, ricostituendo popolamenti caratterizzati da una maggiore biodiversità strutturale e compositiva, al fine di aumentarne la resilienza e l’adattabilità ai mutamenti climatici a lungo termine. Il settore della vivaistica forestale, pubblica e privata, deve rispondere ad una richiesta crescente di materiale vegetale ed essere pronto a garantire la tracciabilità e la qualità del materiale prodotto, contribuendo anch’esso alla riduzione degli impatti ambientali. In questo delicato scenario, è stata condotta un’analisi del ciclo di vita (LCA) con lo scopo di valutare gli impatti ambientali derivanti da un intervento di rimboschimento con Picea abies (L.) Karst preceduto da un’operazione di cippatura della ramaglia nell’area destinata al rimboschimento. Per l’analisi sono stati utilizzati il software GaBi 6.0 ed il metodo di valutazione degli impatti CML 2001 (2016). L’analisi è stata svolta secondo l’approccio dalla culla al cancello, includendo nei confini del sistema la fase a monte (produzione dei semi) fino alla messa a dimora delle piantine in foresta. Gli impatti più elevati in termini di emissioni di sostanze equivalenti sono stati riscontrati per le seguenti categorie di impatto ambientale: potenziale di riscaldamento globale (443,91 kg CO 2 eq), ecotossicità dell'acqua dolce (142,43 kg DBDeq) e tossicità umana (167,72 kg DCBeq). Le fasi del ciclo di vita che contribuiscono in maggiore misura alle categorie di impatto sono principalmente due, quella della produzione di piantine e quella della cippatura e rimboschimento. Nell’ambito delle operazioni di rimboschimento, la produzione ed il trasporto dei sistemi di protezione in HDPE delle piantine causano i maggiori impatti, contribuendo al potenziale di riscaldamento globale (GWP) con 245,60 kg CO2 eq pari al 95,27% delle emissioni totali. I risultati ottenuti possono orientare le scelte dei soggetti coinvolti negli interventi di ripristino delle superfici boscate danneggiate e dei soggetti che operano nel settore vivaistico al fine di individuare eventuali miglioramenti tecnici.
Valutazione del ciclo di vita (LCA) di un rimboschimento di abete rosso (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in Veneto
PIERINI, FRANCESCA
2022/2023
Abstract
European forests offer possible solutions to the climate crisis due to the role they play as a carbon sink, but at the same time they are vulnerable to climate change. Extreme weather events, such as environmental windstorms, cause huge economic and social impacts, as happened after Vaia event in 2018. In contexts where forests perform important functions, it is crucial to restore forest cover in a short time or at least speed up natural dynamics, reconstituting populations that benefit from greater structural and compositional biodiversity, in order to increase their resilience and adaptability to long-term climate change. The public and private forest nursery sector must respond to a growing demand for plant material and be ready to guarantee the traceability and quality of the material produced, also contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts. In this delicate scenario, a life cycle analysis (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of a reforestation with Picea abies (L.) Karst, preceded by a chipping operation of the branches present in the reforestation area. The GaBi 6.0 software and the CML 2001 (2016) impact assessment method were used for the analysis. The analysis was carried out according to the cradle to gate approach, including within the system boundaries the upstream phase (seed production) up to the planting of seedlings in the forest. The highest impacts were found for the following environmental impact categories: global warming potential (443,91 kg CO2eq), freshwater ecotoxicity (142,43 kg DBDeq) and human toxicity (167,72 kg DCBeq). The life cycle phases that contribute the most to the impact categories are: the seedlings production and the chipping and reforestation. In the context of reforestation operations, the production and transport of HDPE seedling protection systems cause the greatest impacts, contributing to the global warming potential (GWP) with 245,60 kg CO 2 eq equal to 95,27% of total emissions. The results obtained can guide the choices of the subjects involved in the restoration interventions of the damaged wooded surfaces, and of the subjects operating in the nursery sector in order to identify any technical improvements.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/55547