In the last years there has been a significant growth of IoT, because the need of connectivity for many types of devices has opened new perspectives and new opportunities. In particular the standard manual operations of monitoring and actuation that have always been performed by manual operators now can be either partially or completely automated connecting the sensors in the Internet and managing them with an IoT infrastructure. The main question that companies, engineers and researchers have been trying to answer is: how can we guarantee coverage in all the areas of the world? In this thesis we study a possible approach where global connectivity is offered using LEO satellites. In particular the design and the implementation of a backend software solution which modifies the existing LoRaWAN infrastructure is presented. In the first part we set up a common terrestrial network with an Arduino sensor, a Multitech MTCDTIP-L4E1 gateway and a local Chirpstack Network Server. With this initial configuration we performed some preliminary tests and we observed the general behavior of the LoRaWAN infrastructure. Second, we focused on the changes needed to adapt the existing terrestrial network to a possible satellite configuration, analyzing all the related problematic and differences. In particular, since we will not have anymore fixed gateways that will be installed in the LEO satellite, we present a solution that does not modify the existing Network Server. Finally we supposed to have the architecture completely up and running and to install it in production environment in a self-managed data center. Millions of devices will connect to our network and take benefit from our services. In this scenario we are going to encounter many problems related to the massive quantity of packets generated, heavily affecting the backend network. In particular, availability and scalability will be crucial aspect to take care designing the overall system. In the last part of this thesis we expand these concepts also proposing a solution based on Kubernetes.
Negli ultimi anni c'è stata una crescita significativa dell'IoT, perché la necessità di connettività per molti tipi di dispositivi ha aperto nuove prospettive e nuove opportunità. In particolare le normali operazioni di monitoraggio e attuazione, da sempre eseguite da operatori manuali, ora possono essere parzialmente o completamente automatizzate collegando i sensori in Internet e gestendoli con un'infrastruttura IoT. La domanda principale a cui aziende, ingegneri e ricercatori stanno cercando di rispondere è: come possiamo garantire la copertura in tutte le aree del mondo? In questa tesi studiamo una possibile soluzione in cui la connettività globale è offerta utilizzando i satelliti LEO. In particolare viene mostrata la progettazione e l'implementazione di una soluzione software di backend che modifica l'infrastruttura LoRaWAN esistente. Nella prima parte abbiamo allestito una rete terrestre comune con un sensore Arduino, un gateway Multitech MTCDTIP-L4E1 e un Chirpstack Network Server locale. Con questa configurazione iniziale abbiamo effettuato alcuni test preliminari e osservato il comportamento generale dell'infrastruttura LoRaWAN. In secondo luogo ci siamo concentrati sulle modifiche necessarie per adattare la rete terrestre esistente ad una possibile configurazione satellitare, analizzando tutte le relative problematiche e differenze. In particolare non avremo più gateway fissi, poiche saranno installati nel satellite LEO, e andremo a presentare una soluzione che non modifica il Network Server esistente. Infine abbiamo supposto di avere l'architettura completamente funzionante e di installarla in ambiente di produzione con data center autogestito. Milioni di dispositivi potranno connettersi alla nostra rete e usufruire dei nostri servizi. In questo scenario incontreremo molti problemi legati alla massiccia quantità di pacchetti generati, influenzando pesantemente la rete di backend. In particolare, la disponibilità e la scalabilità saranno aspetti cruciali nella progettazione del sistema finale. Nell'ultima parte di questa tesi espandiamo questi concetti proponendo anche una soluzione basata su Kubernetes.
Progettare e implementare l'architettura di reti LoRaWAN per uno scenario di trasmissione satellitare
TUMIATI, RICCARDO
2022/2023
Abstract
In the last years there has been a significant growth of IoT, because the need of connectivity for many types of devices has opened new perspectives and new opportunities. In particular the standard manual operations of monitoring and actuation that have always been performed by manual operators now can be either partially or completely automated connecting the sensors in the Internet and managing them with an IoT infrastructure. The main question that companies, engineers and researchers have been trying to answer is: how can we guarantee coverage in all the areas of the world? In this thesis we study a possible approach where global connectivity is offered using LEO satellites. In particular the design and the implementation of a backend software solution which modifies the existing LoRaWAN infrastructure is presented. In the first part we set up a common terrestrial network with an Arduino sensor, a Multitech MTCDTIP-L4E1 gateway and a local Chirpstack Network Server. With this initial configuration we performed some preliminary tests and we observed the general behavior of the LoRaWAN infrastructure. Second, we focused on the changes needed to adapt the existing terrestrial network to a possible satellite configuration, analyzing all the related problematic and differences. In particular, since we will not have anymore fixed gateways that will be installed in the LEO satellite, we present a solution that does not modify the existing Network Server. Finally we supposed to have the architecture completely up and running and to install it in production environment in a self-managed data center. Millions of devices will connect to our network and take benefit from our services. In this scenario we are going to encounter many problems related to the massive quantity of packets generated, heavily affecting the backend network. In particular, availability and scalability will be crucial aspect to take care designing the overall system. In the last part of this thesis we expand these concepts also proposing a solution based on Kubernetes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tumiati_Riccardo.pdf
embargo fino al 23/10/2026
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/55990