To export viticultural material, it must be free of viruses classified as regulated non-quarantine organisms (ORNQ) in European regulations. If grapevine material is exported to countries outside the EU, it is often also required to be free of Grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV) and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), two secondary viruses of commercial importance. GPGV and GRSPaV are viruses that are extremely widespread and often co-present in grapevine plants. Symptoms caused by GPGV and GRSPaV do not always occur, but the effects of the infection can be severe and lead to significant yield reduction. Various remediation techniques have been shown to be effective in eliminating GPGV and GRSPaV from various plant species, including grapevine. Despite this, the effectiveness of the techniques is strictly dependent on genotype. This thesis applied somatic embryogenesis and meristem culture to thirteen grapevine varieties in the attempt to rehabilitate the plants from GPGV and GRSPaV viruses. The gene expression profile of WUSCHEL-related homebox (WOX) genes, whose expression may be related to remediation, was investigated to understand if these genes are involved in grapevine remediation by somatic embryogenesis. Of the two techniques applied, meristem culture was the one that showed the best results. In addition, a different ability to respond to the remediation techniques was shown by the different varieties used. The study conducted can allow the expansion of knowledge regarding remediation procedures and represents a starting point for improving the phytosanitary quality of grapevine propagation material.
Per l’esportazione, il materiale viticolo deve essere esente dai virus classificati come organismi regolamentati non da quarantena (ORNQ) nella normativa europea. Se il materiale viticolo viene esportato in Paesi extra UE, spesso viene richiesto anche che il materiale sia esente da Grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV) e Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), due virus secondari di importanza commerciale. GPGV e GRSPaV sono virus estremamente diffusi e spesso copresenti nelle piante di vite. I sintomi causati da GPGV e GRSPaV non sempre si manifestano, ma gli effetti dell’infezione possono essere gravi e portare alla riduzione significativa della resa. Varie tecniche di risanamento hanno dimostrato di essere efficaci nell’eliminare GPGV e GRSPaV da diverse specie vegetali, tra cui anche vite. Nonostante questo, l’efficacia delle tecniche è strettamente dipendente dal genotipo. La presente tesi ha applicato l’embriogenesi somatica e la coltura di meristemi a tredici varietà di vite nel tentativo di risanare le piante dai virus GPGV e GRSPaV. È stato indagato il profilo di espressione genica dei geni WUSCHEL-related homebox (WOX), la cui espressione può essere correlata al risanamento, per capire se questi geni sono implicati nel risanamento della vite mediante embriogenesi somatica. Fra le due tecniche applicate, la coltura di meristemi è quella che ha consentito di ottenere i risultati migliori. Inoltre, è stata evidenziata una diversa capacità di rispondere alle tecniche di risanamento da parte delle diverse varietà utilizzate. Lo studio condotto ha consentito di ampliare le conoscenze in merito alle procedure di risanamento, e costituisce un punto di partenza per il miglioramento della qualità fitosanitaria del materiale di propagazione viticolo.
Risanamento in vitro di materiale di propagazione viticolo da virus di certificazione e da virus secondari di importanza commerciale (GPGV e GRSPaV)
FAVIA, SILVIA
2022/2023
Abstract
To export viticultural material, it must be free of viruses classified as regulated non-quarantine organisms (ORNQ) in European regulations. If grapevine material is exported to countries outside the EU, it is often also required to be free of Grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV) and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), two secondary viruses of commercial importance. GPGV and GRSPaV are viruses that are extremely widespread and often co-present in grapevine plants. Symptoms caused by GPGV and GRSPaV do not always occur, but the effects of the infection can be severe and lead to significant yield reduction. Various remediation techniques have been shown to be effective in eliminating GPGV and GRSPaV from various plant species, including grapevine. Despite this, the effectiveness of the techniques is strictly dependent on genotype. This thesis applied somatic embryogenesis and meristem culture to thirteen grapevine varieties in the attempt to rehabilitate the plants from GPGV and GRSPaV viruses. The gene expression profile of WUSCHEL-related homebox (WOX) genes, whose expression may be related to remediation, was investigated to understand if these genes are involved in grapevine remediation by somatic embryogenesis. Of the two techniques applied, meristem culture was the one that showed the best results. In addition, a different ability to respond to the remediation techniques was shown by the different varieties used. The study conducted can allow the expansion of knowledge regarding remediation procedures and represents a starting point for improving the phytosanitary quality of grapevine propagation material.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56120