The Role of Surveillance Technologies in Brazil’s Public Security: Addressing Legal and Ethical Concerns

As the Fourth Industrial Revolution unfolds, intertwining technological advancements with societal fabric, the captivating exploration of surveillance technologies within public security unfolds as a multifaceted and interdisciplinary investigation, scrutinizing contemporary society through the intersecting lenses of governance, politics, law, and rights. The study delves into the profound relevance of cutting-edge tools such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and interconnected systems for the empowerment of unprecedented surveillance capabilities, under public security context. In this manner, the overarching goal of this research is to comprehensively investigate the intricate relationship in Brazil, a nation susceptible to testing emerging trends and widespread deployment of such technologies. Employing a qualitative methodology through an exploratory approach, the study takes into account their historical evolution, integration processes, and the legal and ethical dimensions that accompany their deployment. Starting from a solid theoretical framework that emphasizes the parallels between modern surveillance techniques and power dynamics with the contemporary character, it analyzes ongoing surveillance-based projects and models towards public security through Brazilian territory. Revealing the imperative for a nuanced balance between public safety imperatives and the protection of individual rights, the study identifies technological limitations, particularly errors in facial recognition, and emphasizes the risks of algorithmic biases, especially in a racially diverse society like Brazil. It addresses the existing legal gap in data protection laws related to public security and criminal investigation, advocating for a comprehensive regulatory framework that safeguards fundamental rights. In conclusion, the research not only broadens the understanding of historical, ethical, and legal dimensions but also underscores the significance of a balanced and informed approach in deploying and regulating surveillance tools. The findings pave the way for further studies on public security policies, operational efficiency, innovation, and the protection of fundamental rights, revealing promising avenues for future research and discourse in contemporary society.