Paranoid or Cautious: An Evaluation of the Disparities Between Black and White Individuals in the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia

Background: Racism has a long history and exists throughout the world, although definitions of race, ethnicity and racism have varied across time and culture. The detrimental effects of racism for the target have been widely researched and studied. Discussion: This paper discusses the disparities in diagnosis for schizophrenia between Black and White individuals. The connection between racial discrimination and psychotic symptoms is discussed, as well as assessment methods and clinician bias. Potential solutions are presented, including representation in scientific research, an ethics board and changes to counseling and assessment approaches. Increasing diverse researchers and participants will improve the generalizability of findings regarding schizophrenia. Moreover, adapting counseling approaches to consider help seeking behaviour, alternative pathways to care, and the effects of adaptive paranoia will particularly help minority clients cope and heal. Conclusion: The disparities between Black and White individuals in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, offers an opportunity for psychologists to systemically respond and support people who have already suffered from mistreatment due to racial discrimination.