Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) represent one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, especially among children and young adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, TBIs account for approximately 2.5 million emergency room visits, 282,000 hospitalizations, and 56,000 deaths each year in the United States. Major causes of cranial trauma include accidental falls, motor vehicle accidents, various contact sports, and domestic abuse. Most TBIs are considered mild, often referred to as mTBI or concussion. Despite this seemingly innocuous label, mTBIs can lead to chronic cognitive, physical, and psychological disturbances.This significant impact on public health and the economy underscores the importance of ongoing efforts in TBI prevention and preventive measures innovation. Several studies have sought to understand the primary mechanisms causing cranial trauma and to examine biomechanical aspects such as deformation and pressure. Historically, experimental approaches involving cadavers or animals were prohibitively expensive and raised ethical concerns. Consequently, finite element-based models have become crucial in studying TBI biomechanics. These models integrate data from experimental tests and enable the connection between the general kinematics of an impact and potential localized damage to brain tissue.
Le lesioni cerebrali traumatiche (TBI) rappresentano una delle principali cause di disabilità e mortalità in tutto il mondo, soprattutto tra bambini e giovani adulti. Secondo i Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, le TBI generano circa 2,5 milioni di visite al pronto soccorso, 282.000 ospedalizzazioni e 56.000 decessi ogni anno negli Stati Uniti. Tra le principali cause di trauma cranico vi sono cadute accidentali, incidenti stradali, vari sport di contatto e abusi domestici. La maggior parte delle TBI è considerata lieve, spesso indicata come mTBI o commozione cerebrale. Nonostante questa definizione apparentemente innocua, le mTBI possono causare disturbi cronici a livello cognitivo, fisico e psicologico. Questo impatto significativo sulla salute pubblica ed economica sottolinea l'importanza di continuare gli sforzi per la prevenzione delle TBI e l'innovazione delle misure preventive. Diversi studi hanno cercato di comprendere i principali meccanismi che causano il trauma cranico e di analizzare gli aspetti biomeccanici come deformazione e pressione. In passato, gli approcci sperimentali basati su cadaveri o animali risultavano estremamente costosi e sollevavano questioni etiche. Per questo motivo, i modelli basati sugli elementi finiti hanno acquisito grande rilevanza nello studio della biomeccanica del TBI. Questi modelli integrano i dati provenienti da test sperimentali e consentono di collegare la cinematica generale di un impatto ai possibili danni locali nel tessuto cerebrale.
Valutazioni del rischio di danno da impatto dinamico sul tessuto cerebrale: confronto tra indicatori globali e locali
IANNARONE, GIULIANA
2022/2023
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) represent one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, especially among children and young adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, TBIs account for approximately 2.5 million emergency room visits, 282,000 hospitalizations, and 56,000 deaths each year in the United States. Major causes of cranial trauma include accidental falls, motor vehicle accidents, various contact sports, and domestic abuse. Most TBIs are considered mild, often referred to as mTBI or concussion. Despite this seemingly innocuous label, mTBIs can lead to chronic cognitive, physical, and psychological disturbances.This significant impact on public health and the economy underscores the importance of ongoing efforts in TBI prevention and preventive measures innovation. Several studies have sought to understand the primary mechanisms causing cranial trauma and to examine biomechanical aspects such as deformation and pressure. Historically, experimental approaches involving cadavers or animals were prohibitively expensive and raised ethical concerns. Consequently, finite element-based models have become crucial in studying TBI biomechanics. These models integrate data from experimental tests and enable the connection between the general kinematics of an impact and potential localized damage to brain tissue.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/58728