According to some studies, the incidence of writing difficulties is between 6.9% and 14.9% of the American school population. This data reflect the complexity of the writing process, a multidimensional phenomenon that recalls the activation of multiple resources (e.g, long-term memory, working memory, executive functions, creativity, translation and transcription mechanisms) for the generation of a clear and coherent text. The written expression is a problem-solving process and is particularly vulnerable during development. The evaluation of these mechanisms is therefore necessary as it is insidious, requiring a theoretical basis that takes into account the scientific evidence related to neurodevelopment. The purpose of the following experimental work is to contribute to the discriminant validity of a new protocol for the evaluation of written expression. The test in question owes its formulation to the neuropsychological model of Virginia Berninger (2002), an indispensable reference to grasp the interactions of transcription processes and executive functions in the production of writing (text generation). The presence in the ICD 11 (2022) of the diagnosis of "Disorders of written expression" (6A03.1) makes even more urgent the preparation on the national territory of instruments able to grasp the characteristics of the final product of writing (tests and batteries already at our disposal), and also to evaluate the alterations of the processes underlying the text generation, in order to direct teachers and clinicians towards a school enhancement or, possibly, a real enabler treatment. In the literature, the test of generation of sentences inserted in the protocol appears highly specific and sensitive in order to identify children with written expression disorder. The test was administered to 20 children diagnosed with DSA or undergoing certification, from the third year of primary school to the second year of secondary school grade I. A comparison was made between 15 of these children (experimental group) and 15 children with the same chronological age and schooling (control group). The results of the work will be discussed in the following thesis.
Abstract Secondo alcuni studi l’incidenza delle difficoltà di scrittura si attesterebbe tra il 6.9% e il 14.9% della popolazione scolastica americana. Tale dato riflette la complessità del processo di scrittura, fenomeno multidimensionale che richiama l’attivazione di molteplici risorse (e.g, memoria a lungo termine, memoria di lavoro, funzioni esecutive, creatività, meccanismi di traduzione e trascrizione) per la generazione di un testo chiaro e coerente. L’espressione scritta si configura quale processo di problem solving, rivelandosi particolarmente vulnerabile durante lo sviluppo. La valutazione dei meccanismi suddetti diviene dunque necessaria quanto insidiosa, richiedendo una base teorica che tenga conto delle evidenze scientifiche relative al neurosviluppo. Scopo del seguente lavoro sperimentale è di contribuire alla validità discriminante di un nuovo protocollo di valutazione dell’espressione scritta. Il test in esame deve la sua formulazione al modello neuropsicologico di Virginia Berninger (2002), riferimento indispensabile per cogliere le interazioni dei processi di trascrizione e delle funzioni esecutive nella produzione della scrittura (generazione del testo). La presenza nell’ICD 11 (2022) della diagnosi di “Disturbi dell’espressione scritta” (6A03.1) rende ancora più urgente la predisposizione sul territorio nazionale di strumenti in grado di cogliere le caratteristiche del prodotto finale della scrittura (test e batterie già attualmente a nostra disposizione), e anche di valutare le alterazioni dei processi alla base della generazione del testo, al fine di orientare insegnanti e clinici verso un potenziamento scolastico o, eventualmente, un trattamento abilitativo vero e proprio. In letteratura, la prova di generazione di frasi inserita nel protocollo appare altamente specifica e sensibile nell’individuare i bambini con disturbo dell’espressione scritta. Il test è stato somministrato a 20 bambini con diagnosi di DSA o in fase di certificazione, dal terzo anno della scuola primaria al secondo anno della scuola secondaria di I grado. È stato possibile operare un confronto tra 15 di questi bambini (gruppo sperimentale) e 15 bambini con stessa età cronologica e scolarità (gruppo di controllo). I risultati del lavoro verranno discussi nella seguente tesi.
Validità discriminante di un protocollo di Valutazione dell’Espressione Scritta
DIMO, TICIANA
2022/2023
Abstract
According to some studies, the incidence of writing difficulties is between 6.9% and 14.9% of the American school population. This data reflect the complexity of the writing process, a multidimensional phenomenon that recalls the activation of multiple resources (e.g, long-term memory, working memory, executive functions, creativity, translation and transcription mechanisms) for the generation of a clear and coherent text. The written expression is a problem-solving process and is particularly vulnerable during development. The evaluation of these mechanisms is therefore necessary as it is insidious, requiring a theoretical basis that takes into account the scientific evidence related to neurodevelopment. The purpose of the following experimental work is to contribute to the discriminant validity of a new protocol for the evaluation of written expression. The test in question owes its formulation to the neuropsychological model of Virginia Berninger (2002), an indispensable reference to grasp the interactions of transcription processes and executive functions in the production of writing (text generation). The presence in the ICD 11 (2022) of the diagnosis of "Disorders of written expression" (6A03.1) makes even more urgent the preparation on the national territory of instruments able to grasp the characteristics of the final product of writing (tests and batteries already at our disposal), and also to evaluate the alterations of the processes underlying the text generation, in order to direct teachers and clinicians towards a school enhancement or, possibly, a real enabler treatment. In the literature, the test of generation of sentences inserted in the protocol appears highly specific and sensitive in order to identify children with written expression disorder. The test was administered to 20 children diagnosed with DSA or undergoing certification, from the third year of primary school to the second year of secondary school grade I. A comparison was made between 15 of these children (experimental group) and 15 children with the same chronological age and schooling (control group). The results of the work will be discussed in the following thesis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/58851