The focus on economic sanctions has significantly intensified over the past decade, particularly in light of cases involving Iran and Russia. This interest has further heightened, notably following developments related to the Ukraine conflict. While these coercive measures are increasingly employed by Western nations as an alternative to war, their roots trace back to earlier times. This study delves into an underexplored chapter in the history of sanctions, centering on the case of Fascist Italy facing sanctions from the League of Nations following the invasion of Ethiopia (1935-1936), an episode often overlooked in contemporary academic literature. The primary objective is to analyze how these sanctions, the first in history where a nation faced punitive measures from a collective of nations coordinated by a supranational body, impacted the macroeconomic indicators of Fascist Italy. The study reconstructs the events that led to the League of Nations imposing sanctions on Italy, evaluating their effects on key macroeconomic indicators. To assess the sanction's impact, the Difference-in-Differences estimator is employed, followed by a robustness check using the Synthetic Control Method. This study aspires to provide insights and reflections on historical events that remain relevant to contemporary narratives surrounding economic sanctions.
L'attenzione sulle sanzioni economiche è cresciuta notevolmente nell’ultimo decennio, specialmente a causa dei casi riguardanti l’Iran e la Russia. Tale interesse si è acuito, in particolare, a seguito degli sviluppi collegati alla guerra in Ucraina. Sebbene oggi siano sempre più utilizzate dai paesi occidentali come alternativa coercitiva alla guerra, il loro utilizzo in realtà ha origini più antiche. Questo studio esplora un capitolo poco indagato della storia delle sanzioni, focalizzandosi sul caso dell'Italia fascista sanzionata dalla Società delle Nazioni in seguito all'invasione dell'Etiopia (1935-1936), un episodio poco esaminato dalla letteratura accademica contemporanea. L'obiettivo principale è analizzare come queste sanzioni, le prime nella storia che videro un paese venire sanzionato da una collettività di nazioni coordinate da un organismo sovranazionale, abbiano influenzato gli indicatori macroeconomici dell'Italia fascista. In questo studio, pertanto, dopo aver ricostruito le vicende che portarono la Società delle Nazioni a sanzionare l'Italia, viene valutato l'impatto che queste ebbero su alcuni dei principali indicatori macroeconomici dell'economia dell'Italia fascista. Al fine di valutare l'effetto di tali sanzioni, viene usato lo stimatore Difference-in-Differences. In seguito, per verificare la robustezza dei risultati ottenuti, si utilizzerà anche il Synthetic Control Method. La speranza di questo studio è quella di fornire delle risposte e spunti di riflessione anche per quanto riguarda la storia che si compie nei giorni nostri.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON FASCIST ITALY BY THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
CALABRETTA, RICCARDO
2022/2023
Abstract
The focus on economic sanctions has significantly intensified over the past decade, particularly in light of cases involving Iran and Russia. This interest has further heightened, notably following developments related to the Ukraine conflict. While these coercive measures are increasingly employed by Western nations as an alternative to war, their roots trace back to earlier times. This study delves into an underexplored chapter in the history of sanctions, centering on the case of Fascist Italy facing sanctions from the League of Nations following the invasion of Ethiopia (1935-1936), an episode often overlooked in contemporary academic literature. The primary objective is to analyze how these sanctions, the first in history where a nation faced punitive measures from a collective of nations coordinated by a supranational body, impacted the macroeconomic indicators of Fascist Italy. The study reconstructs the events that led to the League of Nations imposing sanctions on Italy, evaluating their effects on key macroeconomic indicators. To assess the sanction's impact, the Difference-in-Differences estimator is employed, followed by a robustness check using the Synthetic Control Method. This study aspires to provide insights and reflections on historical events that remain relevant to contemporary narratives surrounding economic sanctions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59464