The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the forensic accounting discipline in the management and assessment of corporate fraud, misconducts and wrongdoings. The paper examines how this subject evolved from the audit in the management of corporate fraud to become later an autonomous discipline. Through a literature review, the starting point is an analysis of the different types of corporate fraud, the motivations that lead to such acts and the methods known to date for classifying them, in order to understand the different countermeasures that corporate fraud requires. This initial presentation allows the reader to immediately clarify the different roles that auditors and forensic accountants play in the management of fraud, understanding some of the reasons why forensic accounting has become a discipline in its own right. In order to understand the differences between auditing and forensic accounting, it was first necessary to delve deeper into the role of auditors by clarifying the methodologies, guidelines and objectives of their tasks, and then to examine the current role of forensic accountants, the real core of this paper. The paper presents the evolution of the forensic accounting discipline, the specific knowledge required and the services currently provided. Indeed, forensic accounting is concerned with the identification, collection and analysis of information and data, both for use in civil and criminal disputes (litigation services) and for services whose purpose is clarified from time to time with the client (investigative services). On the basis of the aforementioned division of activities, the paper examines how forensic accountants carry out tasks that include the investigation and management of corporate fraud, the analysis of allegedly incorrect or false valuations of companies, the assessment of regulatory compliance and of breaches of corporate contracts, the examination of specific transactions and operations of companies in due diligence contexts for the evaluation of possible corporate targets prior to business combinations and the qualitative and quantitative assessment of corporate damages. In the realization of these services, forensic accountants use certain procedures, including interviews and the analysis of communications and messages using specific software and data mining technologies. The paper examines these methods including a view to the future of the discipline and the possible roles that forensic accountants might play. Finally, in the last part of the paper, two real cases of forensic accounting applications are analysed in order to compare and validate the theoretical presentation of this discipline so far.
Lo scopo del presente elaborato è quello di fornire un’analisi completa della disciplina contabile forense nella gestione e valutazione delle frodi, delle condotte scorrette e degli illeciti aziendali. L'elaborato esamina come questa materia si sia evoluta dalla revisione dei conti nella gestione delle frodi aziendali per divenire successivamente una disciplina autonoma. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura, il punto di partenza è un’analisi delle diverse tipologie di frode aziendale, delle motivazioni che portano a tali atti e delle modalità ad oggi conosciute per classificarle, al fine di comprendere le diverse contromisure che la frode aziendale richiede. Questa presentazione iniziale consente al lettore di chiarire immediatamente i diversi ruoli che revisori e contabili forensi hanno nella gestione delle frodi, comprendendo alcune delle ragioni per cui la contabilità forense è diventata una disciplina a sé stante. Per comprendere le differenze tra revisione contabile e contabilità forense è stato necessario prima approfondire il ruolo dei revisori chiarendo metodologie, linee guida e obiettivi dei loro compiti, e poi esaminare il ruolo attuale dei contabili forensi, il vero focus di questo elaborato. L'elaborato presenta l'evoluzione della disciplina contabile forense, le conoscenze specifiche richieste ed i servizi attualmente forniti. La contabilità forense, infatti, si occupa dell'identificazione, raccolta e analisi di informazioni e dati, sia da utilizzare in controversie civili e penali (servizi di supporto al contenzioso), sia per servizi la cui finalità viene chiarita di volta in volta con il cliente (servizi investigativi). Sulla base della suddetta suddivisione delle attività, l'elaborato esamina come i contabili forensi svolgano compiti che includono l’indagine e la gestione delle frodi aziendali, l’analisi di presunte valutazioni errate o false delle società, la valutazione della conformità normativa, la valutazione delle violazioni dei contratti aziendali, l’esame di specifiche transazioni ed operazioni delle società in contesti di due diligence per la valutazione di possibili target aziendali prima di aggregazioni aziendali e la valutazione quali-quantitativa dei danni aziendali. Nella realizzazione di questi servizi, i contabili forensi utilizzano determinate procedure, tra cui interviste e analisi di comunicazioni e messaggi utilizzando specifici software e tecnologie di data mining. Il documento esamina questi metodi, inclusa una visione del futuro della disciplina e dei possibili ruoli che i contabili forensi potrebbero svolgere. Infine, nell'ultima parte del lavoro, vengono analizzati due casi reali di applicazioni di contabilità forense al fine di confrontare e validare la presentazione teorica di questa disciplina fatta precedentemente.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATE MALPRACTICE: FROM THEORETICAL ACTIVITIES TO ACTUAL CORPORATE CASES
VETTORATO, ALBERTO
2022/2023
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the forensic accounting discipline in the management and assessment of corporate fraud, misconducts and wrongdoings. The paper examines how this subject evolved from the audit in the management of corporate fraud to become later an autonomous discipline. Through a literature review, the starting point is an analysis of the different types of corporate fraud, the motivations that lead to such acts and the methods known to date for classifying them, in order to understand the different countermeasures that corporate fraud requires. This initial presentation allows the reader to immediately clarify the different roles that auditors and forensic accountants play in the management of fraud, understanding some of the reasons why forensic accounting has become a discipline in its own right. In order to understand the differences between auditing and forensic accounting, it was first necessary to delve deeper into the role of auditors by clarifying the methodologies, guidelines and objectives of their tasks, and then to examine the current role of forensic accountants, the real core of this paper. The paper presents the evolution of the forensic accounting discipline, the specific knowledge required and the services currently provided. Indeed, forensic accounting is concerned with the identification, collection and analysis of information and data, both for use in civil and criminal disputes (litigation services) and for services whose purpose is clarified from time to time with the client (investigative services). On the basis of the aforementioned division of activities, the paper examines how forensic accountants carry out tasks that include the investigation and management of corporate fraud, the analysis of allegedly incorrect or false valuations of companies, the assessment of regulatory compliance and of breaches of corporate contracts, the examination of specific transactions and operations of companies in due diligence contexts for the evaluation of possible corporate targets prior to business combinations and the qualitative and quantitative assessment of corporate damages. In the realization of these services, forensic accountants use certain procedures, including interviews and the analysis of communications and messages using specific software and data mining technologies. The paper examines these methods including a view to the future of the discipline and the possible roles that forensic accountants might play. Finally, in the last part of the paper, two real cases of forensic accounting applications are analysed in order to compare and validate the theoretical presentation of this discipline so far.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59473