The transcriptional landscape of berry skin in two novel resistant grapevine varieties

Successful vineyard management, which guarantees optimum yields and fruits with desirable traits, is intimately related to the creation of high-quality wines. However, grape producers face difficulties, most notably fungal and oomycete diseases including gray mold, powdery mildew, and downy mildew that can ruin harvests and have an influence on the wine industry. Chemical pesticide-based traditional defensive strategies are incompatible with integrated crop protection strategies and environmental sustainability goals. New opportunities for grape production with less of an environmental impact are presented by advances in genetic understanding and biotechnology. The options for protecting grapevines are examined in this overview, starting with traditional breeding that has produced resistant varieties and moving on to biotechnological techniques like RNA-seq. Although conventional breeding has contributed significantly to the development of desired features, its drawbacks, such as time-consuming procedures and dependence on reliance on constrained genetic diversity, unexpected genetic modifications, labor- and resource-intensive demands, and difficulties in addressing complex features. The need for alternate strategies, such as biotechnology, to get over these obstacles and hasten grapevine genetic progress is emphasized. The investigation and analysis of the transcriptional profile of grapevine types showing resistance to oomycete and fungal diseases is the main goal of this research. To gain a better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance in grapevines, this study compares the transcriptional profiles of these resistant varieties with those of other grapevine varieties and elite types. therefore, it would be possible to better comprehend the genetic basis of resistance in grapevines if we were to become more familiar with the underlying genetic profile of disease resistance.