Reaction of civil society to repressions of authoritarian regime. The case of Belarus

The thesis examines the reaction of civil society in Belarus to increased repression, worsening conditions, and shrinking space for activity from 2020 to October 2023. The research was conducted using the case study method. Thus, the state used various control and suppression measures, such as re-registration, financial, tax and administrative measures, and complex legislation regulating the activities of civil society organisations. These measures were combined with the parallel construction of a “pocket” civil society, and attempts were made to replace destroyed CSOs with pro-government organisations (GONGOs). The study shows that civil society in Belarus reacted differently to the repressive tactics used by the state. Some groups chose to freeze their activities or conduct them underground, becoming “invisible” not only to the repressive authorities but also to their local audiences. Other groups have chosen a strategy of adaptation and survival, facing, in addition to repressive practices, the difficulties of emigration and adaptation in another country. The work suggests the need for further research to deepen the topic. It provides findings useful to civil society organisations and scholars interested in civil society in non- democratic countries.