This work attempts to provide a picture of the social status of Spanish women during the first part of Francisco Franco's dictatorship (from the beginning of the regime until the 1950s) by analyzing everyday life’s conditions, the type of education provided, the obligations they had to respect, their rights, and the public and social image they were supposed to have. Furthermore, this work will trace a general outline of María Teresa León’s life, a progressive writer who led a revolutionary and non-conformist life with respect to the canons of the time, fighting for women's rights. This study will focus on the figure of the author until 1939, when she had to leave Spain for exile. It will analyze her commitment to the defense of the Republic and her work in the Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas (Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals). Despite being the wife of the famous writer Rafael Alberti ( member of the Generation of '27), she was politically committed to the communist front and managed to build a reputation and to create her own identity on the Spanish literary scene and internationally. After the fascist dictatorship, María Teresa León and many other women in the world of Spanish literature were forgotten, deprived of the reputation they deserved: that’s the case of the Sinsombrero, women who were relegated to the shadows and forgotten for the mere fact of being women, leaving the merit for their literary work to the male members of the well-known Generation of ’27, that had well recognized authors such as Lorca, Miguel Hernández, among others.

Este trabajo trata de proporcionar una imagen de la condición social femenina en España durante la dictadura de Francisco Franco en el siglo XX, analizando las condiciones de vida cotidiana, el tipo de instrucción que se impartía, las obligaciones que les tocaban, los derechos y la imagen pública y social que debían de desempeñar. Se examinará el escenario social general instaurado en la posguerra, el modelo y las columnas sobre los cuales el general Franco desarrolló su dictadura. Además, en esta tesis se introducirá la historia de las sin sombreros, mujeres y artistas de la Generación del 27 que desempeñaron un papel fundamental en el escario literario de la época, tanto como los respetivos artistas masculinos. Mujeres que no se conformaron con la imagen de mujer perfecta de la época: madre, casera, sin intereses por la política y la lucha social. Todo lo contrario, las mujeres conocidas como “las Sin sombreros” participaron a la vida política e intelectual a lo largo de los años veinte y treinta. Entre ellas, en este trabajo se destacará la vida de María Teresa León, escritora progresista, que condujo una vida revolucionaria y anticonformista con respeto a los cánones de la época y que, tanto en España como a lo largo de su estancia en exilio, combatió para los derechos de las mujeres. Se comprometió políticamente con el frente comunista y, si bien fuese casada con el escritor Rafael Alberti, supo crearse su propria imagen y fama en el escenario literario español y extranjero.

El papel de la mujer en la España franquista: María Teresa León, una autora progresista y revolucionaria

VEGLIÒ, GIADA
2022/2023

Abstract

This work attempts to provide a picture of the social status of Spanish women during the first part of Francisco Franco's dictatorship (from the beginning of the regime until the 1950s) by analyzing everyday life’s conditions, the type of education provided, the obligations they had to respect, their rights, and the public and social image they were supposed to have. Furthermore, this work will trace a general outline of María Teresa León’s life, a progressive writer who led a revolutionary and non-conformist life with respect to the canons of the time, fighting for women's rights. This study will focus on the figure of the author until 1939, when she had to leave Spain for exile. It will analyze her commitment to the defense of the Republic and her work in the Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas (Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals). Despite being the wife of the famous writer Rafael Alberti ( member of the Generation of '27), she was politically committed to the communist front and managed to build a reputation and to create her own identity on the Spanish literary scene and internationally. After the fascist dictatorship, María Teresa León and many other women in the world of Spanish literature were forgotten, deprived of the reputation they deserved: that’s the case of the Sinsombrero, women who were relegated to the shadows and forgotten for the mere fact of being women, leaving the merit for their literary work to the male members of the well-known Generation of ’27, that had well recognized authors such as Lorca, Miguel Hernández, among others.
2022
The role of the woman during Franco's regime: María Teresa León, a progressive and revolutionary author
Este trabajo trata de proporcionar una imagen de la condición social femenina en España durante la dictadura de Francisco Franco en el siglo XX, analizando las condiciones de vida cotidiana, el tipo de instrucción que se impartía, las obligaciones que les tocaban, los derechos y la imagen pública y social que debían de desempeñar. Se examinará el escenario social general instaurado en la posguerra, el modelo y las columnas sobre los cuales el general Franco desarrolló su dictadura. Además, en esta tesis se introducirá la historia de las sin sombreros, mujeres y artistas de la Generación del 27 que desempeñaron un papel fundamental en el escario literario de la época, tanto como los respetivos artistas masculinos. Mujeres que no se conformaron con la imagen de mujer perfecta de la época: madre, casera, sin intereses por la política y la lucha social. Todo lo contrario, las mujeres conocidas como “las Sin sombreros” participaron a la vida política e intelectual a lo largo de los años veinte y treinta. Entre ellas, en este trabajo se destacará la vida de María Teresa León, escritora progresista, que condujo una vida revolucionaria y anticonformista con respeto a los cánones de la época y que, tanto en España como a lo largo de su estancia en exilio, combatió para los derechos de las mujeres. Se comprometió políticamente con el frente comunista y, si bien fuese casada con el escritor Rafael Alberti, supo crearse su propria imagen y fama en el escenario literario español y extranjero.
Mujer
Régimen
María Teresa León
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/60500