Long duration energy storage: state of the art, role in the ecological transition and future prospects

In today's particular energy context, the high penetration of non-predictable renewable sources results in absolutely non-trivial frictions in the normal and optimal operation of the electrical system. One solution to many of these issues could lie in the use of the Energy Storage. In particular, Long Duration Energy Storage promises to be a strategic choice even in the immediate future. Its characteristics lie squarely in a sweet spot for which major issues would be compensated and the quality of electric service would be improved, all this while achieving strategic economic success in the world of the modern electric market. This thesis is committed to describing the state of the art of various technologies for Long Duration Energy Storage, studying its key role in the ongoing ecological transition, and identifying the major challenges to be overcome in the near future so that energy storage can be a widely deployed and incentivized technology.