Stability analysis of a grid-connected STATCOM using the impedance-based method

During the past two decades, the utilization of renewable energy sources has seen a significant surge, leading to the proliferation of connected power electronic converters. Numerous international agencies and institutions that analyze current and future trends in energy generation and consumption consistently indicate that global primary energy consumption continues to rise, with renewables playing an increasingly prominent role in global power generation. Consequently, electrical grids have become more complex and are now indispensable for a wide range of activities, ranging from industrial operations to household consumption and telecommunications. In light of this context, oscillatory phenomena have increased, compromising the robustness and stability of the entire electrical network. This research is centered on the application of STATCOMs (Static Synchronous Compensators) in the scenario of offshore wind farms, with the goal of improving grid quality and, consequently, reliability. Offshore wind farms have advantages over onshore wind farms due to their higher wind power potential and fewer limitations on the size of wind turbines. However, these advantages come at the cost of transferring energy over long distances via marine cables. These long cables can result in interactions and problems, which can be mitigated with the use of STATCOM. The initial chapters provide an in-depth analysis of current energy consumption trends and offer insights into future energy demands, with a particular focus on some key technologies driving the ecological transition, with wind energy leading the way. The study also details the process of modeling a STATCOM, including its controllers, utilizing Simulink software. Furthermore, stability analysis is conducted through the impedance-based method, enabling the determination of susceptibility to instability. A specific case study is presented that demonstrates the integration of a STATCOM with a wind farm, based on the Hornsea II project. In conclusion, this case study helps to describe the potential and prospects of this technology in the future.