The effects of global climate change are manifold. The warming of land and oceans, changes in the precipitation patterns and the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are among the causes that have led to variation in the distribution, structure and dynamics of ecosystems, with implications for biodiversity and the carbon cycle. In the Alps, it has been observed that, in the recent decades, the rise in temperatures and the reduction in winter precipitation have led to a progressive reduction in duration of snow cover and a consequent lengthening of the growing seasons with concurrent variations in the distribution, composition and phenological development of vegetation. It is therefore crucial to investigate how changes in snow cover dynamics may induce adaptations in high-altitude species to better understand how they will respond in the future if current trends continue. This study was carried out on common juniper (Juniperus communis L.), the conifer with the widest distribution range in the Northern Hemisphere, to assess the effects of snow cover duration on secondary growth and xylem structure of this species. Near the Giau Pass (BL), a snow cover manipulation experiment was conducted, simulating: lengthening (C) and shortening (S) of snow cover period, with a third group of individuals used as a control (N). Using dendroanatomical methods, radial growth and anatomical features of 30 individuals were quantified; in addition, the number of frost rings was evaluated for each analyzed section. It was then evaluated how individual responses in terms of mean ring width, cell lumen size and cell wall thickness differed among the three treatments. The results show that the frequency of frost rings is higher in individuals (N) and (S) compared to (C). Furthermore, no significant differences emerged in growth and anatomical characteristics among plants subjected to different treatments. Snow cover therefore seems to provide protection against late frost. The lack of differences in structural and growth responses in common juniper could be due to high variability among individuals rather than treatments and may indicate a general reduced response in anatomical traits, which could be associated with a potential acclimation mechanism.
Gli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici a livello globale sono molteplici. Il riscaldamento delle terre emerse e degli oceani, le modifiche nel regime delle precipitazioni e l’incremento di frequenza ed intensità di fenomeni climatici estremi sono alcune tra le cause che hanno portato a variazioni nella distribuzione, struttura e dinamiche degli ecosistemi, con implicazioni per la biodiversità e ciclo del carbonio. Nelle Alpi, si è osservato come, negli ultimi decenni, l’aumento delle temperature, e la riduzione delle precipitazioni invernali, abbia determinato una progressiva riduzione della durata della copertura nevosa e un conseguente allungamento della stagione vegetativa con contestuali variazioni nella distribuzione, composizione e sviluppo fenologico della vegetazione. Risulta quindi di fondamentale importanza investigare come le variazioni nelle dinamiche di copertura nevosa possano indurre adattamenti nelle specie d’alta quota per meglio comprendere come queste risponderanno in futuro qualora le attuali tendenze dovessero continuare. Questo studio è stato effettuato su ginepro comune (Juniperus communis L.), la conifera con il più ampio areale di distribuzione nell'emisfero settentrionale, per valutare gli effetti della durata della copertura nevosa sull’accrescimento secondario e la struttura xilematica di questa specie. In prossimità del passo Giau (BL), è stato quindi condotto un esperimento di manipolazione della copertura nevosa, il quale ha simulato: l’allungamento (C) e l’accorciamento (S) del periodo di copertura nevosa, un terzo gruppo di individui è stato utilizzato come controllo (N). Utilizzando metodi di dendroanatomia sono stati quantificati accrescimento radiale e caratteristiche anatomiche di 30 individui; inoltre, per ogni sezione analizzata è stato quantificato il numero di anelli da gelo. È stato quindi valutato come le risposte individuali in termini di larghezza media dell’anello, ampiezza del lume e spessore delle pareti cellulari differissero tra i tre trattamenti. I risultati mostrano che la frequenza di anelli da gelo è maggiore negli individui (N) ed (S) rispetto ai (C). Inoltre, non sono emerse differenze significative nell’accrescimento e nelle caratteristiche anatomiche tra le piante sottoposte ai diversi trattamenti. La copertura nevosa sembra quindi garantire protezione contro le gelate tardive. Le mancate differenze tra risposte strutturali e di accrescimento nel ginepro comune potrebbero essere dovute all’alta variabilità tra individui piuttosto che ai trattamenti e indicare comunque una generale ridotta risposta nei tratti anatomici alla quale potrebbe essere associato un eventuale meccanismo di acclimatazione.
Effetto della diversa permanenza della copertura nevosa sui tratti xilematici in Juniperus communis
BOLGE, LUCA
2023/2024
Abstract
The effects of global climate change are manifold. The warming of land and oceans, changes in the precipitation patterns and the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are among the causes that have led to variation in the distribution, structure and dynamics of ecosystems, with implications for biodiversity and the carbon cycle. In the Alps, it has been observed that, in the recent decades, the rise in temperatures and the reduction in winter precipitation have led to a progressive reduction in duration of snow cover and a consequent lengthening of the growing seasons with concurrent variations in the distribution, composition and phenological development of vegetation. It is therefore crucial to investigate how changes in snow cover dynamics may induce adaptations in high-altitude species to better understand how they will respond in the future if current trends continue. This study was carried out on common juniper (Juniperus communis L.), the conifer with the widest distribution range in the Northern Hemisphere, to assess the effects of snow cover duration on secondary growth and xylem structure of this species. Near the Giau Pass (BL), a snow cover manipulation experiment was conducted, simulating: lengthening (C) and shortening (S) of snow cover period, with a third group of individuals used as a control (N). Using dendroanatomical methods, radial growth and anatomical features of 30 individuals were quantified; in addition, the number of frost rings was evaluated for each analyzed section. It was then evaluated how individual responses in terms of mean ring width, cell lumen size and cell wall thickness differed among the three treatments. The results show that the frequency of frost rings is higher in individuals (N) and (S) compared to (C). Furthermore, no significant differences emerged in growth and anatomical characteristics among plants subjected to different treatments. Snow cover therefore seems to provide protection against late frost. The lack of differences in structural and growth responses in common juniper could be due to high variability among individuals rather than treatments and may indicate a general reduced response in anatomical traits, which could be associated with a potential acclimation mechanism.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi_Bolge_Luca_Finale.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
4.66 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.66 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/61871