Telestes muticellus, commonly known as Vairone or Vairone italico, is a small freshwater fish, identified as the only endemic member of this genus present in the Italian peninsula. The Vairone has been classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN Red List since 2006, indicating global stability with no immediate risk of extinction, given its wide distribution and abundance of the species. However, this assessment does not consider local threats that could put specific populations in certain geographic areas at risk. To counteract the possible decline of this and 5 other species in the Alto Po basin, the Life Minnow Project was born, with the aim of eliminating the main local threat factors and preparing specific conservation measures. With the aim of supporting future reintroduction plans and encouraging repopulation actions of the Vairone, this thesis project made it possible to determine whether the different populations are genetically similar or differentiated. The study was conducted using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci in a complementary manner. The application of mtDNA was useful for obtaining preliminary information relating to genetic differentiation between the populations considered while the microsatellite loci offered a more detailed view of the overall genetic structure. As regards mitochondrial DNA, the analysis involved the amplification and sequencing of the D-loop, the hypervariable region controlling replication in 180 individuals, divided into 11 populations and one outgroup. 45 different sequence variants (haplotypes) were found. The calculation of the FST indices, as well as the molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) allowed us to highlight a significant level of differentiation for the population of Torrente Morsone, allowing us to reject the hypothesis of panmixia. For microsatellites, the approach was based on the use of 11 loci already isolated and presented in previous publications. This analysis also highlighted a significant differentiation of the Morsone Torrent population while the other pairwise comparisons show partly discordant significance and overall difficult to trace back to a clear pattern of differentiation. From a management point of view, there are no differences that would suggest the management of the populations as distinct conservation units for future repopulation actions of the Vairone. However, before proceeding, it would be necessary to conduct further genetic analyzes to deepen the understanding of the genetic structure of Telestes muticellus populations in the Upper Po basin.
Telestes muticellus, comunemente conosciuto come Vairone o Vairone italico, è un piccolo pesce di acqua dolce, identificato come l'unico membro endemico di questo genere presente nella penisola italiana. Il Vairone è classificato come "Least Concern" dalla Lista Rossa dell'IUCN dal 2006, indicando una stabilità globale senza rischio immediato di estinzione, data la sua ampia distribuzione e l'abbondanza della specie. Tuttavia, questa valutazione non considera le minacce locali che potrebbero mettere a rischio specifiche popolazioni in determinate aree geografiche. Per contrastare il possibile declino di questa ed altre 5 specie nel bacino dell'Alto Po, è nato il Progetto Life Minnow, con lo scopo di eliminare i principali fattori di minaccia locali e predisporre specifiche misure di conservazione. Con l'obiettivo di supportare piani futuri di reintroduzione e di favorire azioni di ripopolamento del Vairone, questo progetto di tesi ha permesso di determinare se le diverse popolazioni sono geneticamente simili o differenziate. Lo studio è stato condotto utilizzando in modo complementare DNA mitocondriale e loci microsatellite. L'applicazione del mtDNA è risultata utile per ottenere informazioni preliminari relative al differenziamento genetico tra le popolazioni considerate mentre i loci microsatellite hanno offerto una visione più dettagliata della struttura genetica complessiva. Per quanto riguarda il DNA mitocondriale, l'analisi ha previsto l'amplificazione ed il sequenziamento del D-loop, la regione ipervariabile di controllo della replicazione in 180 individui, suddivisi in 11 popolazioni ed un outgroup. Sono state trovate 45 diverse varianti di sequenza (aplotipi). Il calcolo degli indici FST, come pure l’analisi molecolare della varianza (AMOVA) hanno permesso di evidenziare un significativo livello di differenziamento per la popolazione di Torrente Morsone, permettendo di rigettare l’ipotesi di panmissia. Per i microsatelliti, l'approccio si è basato sull'uso di 11 loci già isolati e presentati in precedenti pubblicazioni. Anche quest’analisi ha evidenziato un significativo differenziamento della popolazione del Torrente Morsone mentre gli altri confronti a coppie mostrano delle significatività in parte discordanti e nel complesso difficilmente riconducibili ad un pattern chiaro di differenziamento. Dal punto di vista gestionale, non si rilevano differenziamenti tali da suggerire la gestione delle popolazioni come unità conservazionistiche distinte per future azioni di ripopolamento del Vairone. Tuttavia, prima di procedere, sarebbe necessario condurre ulteriori analisi genetiche per approfondire la comprensione della struttura genetica delle popolazioni di Telestes muticellus nel bacino dell'Alto Po.
Analisi genetica delle popolazioni di Vairone (Telestes muticellus) del bacino dell'alto Po
MANFRINATO, ILARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Telestes muticellus, commonly known as Vairone or Vairone italico, is a small freshwater fish, identified as the only endemic member of this genus present in the Italian peninsula. The Vairone has been classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN Red List since 2006, indicating global stability with no immediate risk of extinction, given its wide distribution and abundance of the species. However, this assessment does not consider local threats that could put specific populations in certain geographic areas at risk. To counteract the possible decline of this and 5 other species in the Alto Po basin, the Life Minnow Project was born, with the aim of eliminating the main local threat factors and preparing specific conservation measures. With the aim of supporting future reintroduction plans and encouraging repopulation actions of the Vairone, this thesis project made it possible to determine whether the different populations are genetically similar or differentiated. The study was conducted using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci in a complementary manner. The application of mtDNA was useful for obtaining preliminary information relating to genetic differentiation between the populations considered while the microsatellite loci offered a more detailed view of the overall genetic structure. As regards mitochondrial DNA, the analysis involved the amplification and sequencing of the D-loop, the hypervariable region controlling replication in 180 individuals, divided into 11 populations and one outgroup. 45 different sequence variants (haplotypes) were found. The calculation of the FST indices, as well as the molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) allowed us to highlight a significant level of differentiation for the population of Torrente Morsone, allowing us to reject the hypothesis of panmixia. For microsatellites, the approach was based on the use of 11 loci already isolated and presented in previous publications. This analysis also highlighted a significant differentiation of the Morsone Torrent population while the other pairwise comparisons show partly discordant significance and overall difficult to trace back to a clear pattern of differentiation. From a management point of view, there are no differences that would suggest the management of the populations as distinct conservation units for future repopulation actions of the Vairone. However, before proceeding, it would be necessary to conduct further genetic analyzes to deepen the understanding of the genetic structure of Telestes muticellus populations in the Upper Po basin.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/62206