This thesis introduces a comprehensive approach to model and simulate a floating base manipulator, aimed at gaining insights into its operational dynamics and performance characteristics, with the ultimate goal of conducting dynamic verifications on a prototype. The modelling process, conducted using MATLAB and SIMULINK, is organized into distinct components. The robot chosen for simulation is a planar robot with a floating base and 7 degrees of freedom. For the simulation setup, it was decided to start with a simpler case; the first simulated robot was a planar robot with a fixed base and 4 degrees of freedom. Subsequently, a floating base was added to the system, resulting in a redundant planar robot with a mobile base and 7 degrees of freedom. For trajectory planning, a polynomial function is employed, while the Jacobian matrix method is chosen for kinematic analysis, due to the system redundancy, particularly as a floating base with a 4-degree-of-freedom planar robotic arm mounted on it. The control strategy involves the implementation of a PI (Proportional Integrative) control system to manage and regulate the actuators of the system. The system dynamics were implemented on Simscape by building the robot step by step. Meanwhile, to add a generalized control for the simulation, the computed torque was calculated and included after the PI controller. In conclusion, the developed model underwent rigorous simulation within the MATLAB environment to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. The robot was simulated in both combined motion and free-flying configurations, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of differences in end-effector position trends, as well as forces and torques of the actuators. For the simulation of the second configuration, the system was modified so that the base does not actively work towards achieving the end-effector's target but is activated only to counteract the disturbance torques caused by the robotic arm's actuators. The simulation results offer valuable insights into the performance and behavior of the floating base manipulator. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how different configurations affect trajectory execution, stability, and operational limits. Such insights are crucial for optimizing manipulator design and control strategies in real-world applications. Summarizing the results: the combined motion configuration has higher energy consumption while maintaining good precision compared to the free flying counterpart, which has reduced energy consumption, offering excellent versatility but with the critical drawback of a limited operational space.
Questa tesi introduce un approccio completo per modellare e simulare un manipolatore a base flottante, con l'obiettivo di ottenere una comprensione delle dinamiche operative e delle caratteristiche di prestazione, con la meta ultima di condurre verifiche dinamiche su un prototipo. Il processo di modellazione, eseguito utilizzando MATLAB e SIMULINK, è organizzato in componenti distinti. Il sistema scelto di simulare in questa tesi è un braccio robotico planare con base flottante a 7 gradi di libertà. Per la realizzazione della simulazione completa, si è deciso di partire da un caso semplificato; il primo robot simulato è stato un robot planare ridondante con una base fissa a 4 gradi di libertà. Successivamente, è stata aggiunta una base flottante al sistema con i relativi attuatori facendo in modo che essa avesse possibilità di movimento solo nel piano nella quale il braccio robotico si possa muovere. Ottenendo un robot planare ridondante con una base mobile a 7 gradi di libertà. Per la determinazione della cinematica diretta si sfrutta la convenzione di Denavit-Hartenberg. Per la pianificazione della traiettoria, viene impiegata una funzione polinomiale del quinto ordine, mentre il metodo del Jacobiano geometrico è scelto per l'analisi della cinematica inversa, data la ridondanza del sistema, in particolare come una base flottante con un braccio robotico planare a 4 gradi di libertà montato su di essa. La strategia di controllo prevede l'implementazione di un controllore PI (Proporzionale-Integrativo) per gestire e regolare gli attuatori del sistema. La dinamica del sistema è stata realizzata su Simscape costruendo il robot passo dopo passo. Nel frattempo, per aggiungere un controllo generalizzato per la simulazione, la computed torque è stata calcolata grazie alla formulazione di Lagrange, mediante le informazioni estrapolate dalla cinematica inversa. In seguito è stata inclusa nella simulazione a valle del controllore PI. In conclusione, il modello sviluppato è stato sottoposto a una rigorosa simulazione all'interno dell'ambiente MATLAB per valutarne accuratezza e affidabilità. Il robot è stato simulato sia in configurazioni di combined motion che di free flying, consentendo un'analisi approfondita delle differenze negli andamenti della posizione dell'end-effector, nonché delle forze e dei momenti sviluppati dagli attuatori. I risultati della simulazione offrono una preziosa comprensione sulle prestazioni e sul comportamento del manipolatore a base flottante. Questi risultati contribuiscono a una conoscenza più approfondita di come diverse configurazioni influenzino l'esecuzione della traiettoria, la stabilità e i limiti operativi. Tali consapevolezze sono cruciali per ottimizzare la progettazione del manipolatore e le strategie di controllo nelle applicazioni reali. Riassumendo i risultati: la configurazione a combined motion ha un consumo energetico maggiore pur mantenendo una buona precisione rispetto alla controparte a free flying, che ha un consumo energetico ridotto, offrendo un'ottima versatilità ma con il grave svantaggio di uno spazio operativo limitato.
Modelling and simulation of a floating base redundant planar manipulator
STELLA, DIEGO
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis introduces a comprehensive approach to model and simulate a floating base manipulator, aimed at gaining insights into its operational dynamics and performance characteristics, with the ultimate goal of conducting dynamic verifications on a prototype. The modelling process, conducted using MATLAB and SIMULINK, is organized into distinct components. The robot chosen for simulation is a planar robot with a floating base and 7 degrees of freedom. For the simulation setup, it was decided to start with a simpler case; the first simulated robot was a planar robot with a fixed base and 4 degrees of freedom. Subsequently, a floating base was added to the system, resulting in a redundant planar robot with a mobile base and 7 degrees of freedom. For trajectory planning, a polynomial function is employed, while the Jacobian matrix method is chosen for kinematic analysis, due to the system redundancy, particularly as a floating base with a 4-degree-of-freedom planar robotic arm mounted on it. The control strategy involves the implementation of a PI (Proportional Integrative) control system to manage and regulate the actuators of the system. The system dynamics were implemented on Simscape by building the robot step by step. Meanwhile, to add a generalized control for the simulation, the computed torque was calculated and included after the PI controller. In conclusion, the developed model underwent rigorous simulation within the MATLAB environment to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. The robot was simulated in both combined motion and free-flying configurations, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of differences in end-effector position trends, as well as forces and torques of the actuators. For the simulation of the second configuration, the system was modified so that the base does not actively work towards achieving the end-effector's target but is activated only to counteract the disturbance torques caused by the robotic arm's actuators. The simulation results offer valuable insights into the performance and behavior of the floating base manipulator. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how different configurations affect trajectory execution, stability, and operational limits. Such insights are crucial for optimizing manipulator design and control strategies in real-world applications. Summarizing the results: the combined motion configuration has higher energy consumption while maintaining good precision compared to the free flying counterpart, which has reduced energy consumption, offering excellent versatility but with the critical drawback of a limited operational space.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66535