A Systematic Review of the Operational Services impacts within life-cycle assessment of shared Micromobility.

Over the past ten years, shared micromobility has become one of the emerging modes of transportation preferred by users to facilitate and accelerate their transfer into other places especially for short term trips. This study presents a systematic review of the current literature which focuses on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the operational services of this type of shared mobility; (i.e. Rebalancing, charging, battery swapping and collection). It concentrates on e-scooters, Free floating bicycle sharing (FFBS) and station-based bicycle sharing (SSBS). The main findings were extracted from previously studied life cycle assessments (LCA) of shared micromobility. The previous studies showed an advancement of research in China, United states of America (USA) and Europe to discover the major environmental impacts of this transportation method. The majority of the studies examined in this review concluded that the prime source of emissions was from the manufacturing phase which is followed by the operational component, the central part of this review. Many sensitivity analysis handled by authors are displayed and according to the overall outcomes of the study, several solutions were proposed to increase the environmental performance and benefits coming from shared micromobility. This research will help decision makers and all affected stakeholders to better understand the effects of the operational services and guide them towards enhancing those systems whether they are already existing or they are still to be planned and incorporated.