Nutritional Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Emphasizing Mediterranean and Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Current evidence indicates that the Mediterranean diet is effective in improving both glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and should be considered in the overall strategy for management of people with diabetes. Also, the assessment of the relationship between Mediterranean diet and incidence of future diabetes shows significant reduction, of new diabetes associated with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Articles rely on different parameters to analyze improvement in diabetes control. They are generally based on enhancements in HbA1c levels, and, in some cases, on glycemia. Studies indicated that in patients with type 2 diabetes, the use of the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower HbA1c levels and improved cardiovascular risk factors. The present available evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern suitable for the overall management of type 2 diabetes. Good control of glycemia can reduce the risk of diabetes complications in the short, medium, and long-term. studies described that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was linked to improved fasting glucose homeostasis, insulin levels, and a better insulin resistance index in both normoglycemic individuals and diabetic participants. The success degree of the Mediterranean diet in reducing HbA1c values depends on the diet. Low-carbohydrate diets are used as a possible strategy for type 2 diabetes management and prevention. Low-Carbohydrate approaches originate from the idea that lowering the fat-storage hormone insulin improves cardio-metabolic function and promotes weight loss. low-carbohydrate diets reduce the total daily intake of carbohydrates whilst increasing the consumption of fat and ensuring sufficient protein levels. Studies have shown that a low-carbohydrate diet can improve blood sugar control and reduce the need for medication in people with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, low-carbohydrate diets have been found to be effective for weight loss, another important consideration for people with diabetes. Losing even a modest amount of weight can improve blood sugar control and reduce the risk of complications associated with diabetes such as heart disease and neuropathy. Both the Mediterranean diet and a low-carbohydrate diet have demonstrated positive effects on type 2 diabetes management, albeit through different mechanisms. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fiber, antioxidants, and healthy fats, can improve insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and help stabilize blood sugar levels, making it effective in diabetes control. On the other hand, a low-carbohydrate diet significantly reduces carbohydrate intake, leading to decreased glucose fluctuations and improved glycemic control. However, choosing between the two should consider individual preferences, medical conditions, and long-term sustainability, as the Mediterranean diet offers a more balanced and sustainable approach, while a low-carb diet may produce faster short-term results but can be challenging to maintain over time. Consulting with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian is essential for personalized guidance and to determine the most suitable dietary approach for managing type 2 diabetes.