This thesis aims to examine the relationship between trade integration resulting from free trade agreements and migratory flows, focusing in particular on the impact of trade liberalisation resulting from the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 on the increase in migration flows between the United States, Mexico and Canada. Particular attention is given to the southern border crossings between the United States and Mexico. In order to fully understand the interaction between these two phenomena, changes in trade between the three member countries, before and after the implementation of NAFTA, will be examined, understanding how these changes have affected migratory movements from Mexico to the United States. It will also explore the motivations for individuals to cross the border, as well as the challenges that such crossing implies. Finally, the characteristics of the "uncertain" connection between the trade integration achieved through the signing of NAFTA and the migration from Mexico to the United States will be explored. The effects and consequences of this integration on the size, composition and forms of migration between the United States and Mexico will be analysed in detail in the relevant literature. Finally, an attempt will be made to understand, on the basis of evidence from the literature, whether NAFTA (USMCA) can be considered as a deterrent to South-North migration or as a driving force for new migration flows.
Questa tesi si propone di esaminare il rapporto tra l’integrazione commerciale derivante dagli accordi di libero scambio e i flussi migratori, concentrandosi in particolare sull’impatto della liberalizzazione del commercio determinata dall’entrata in vigore del North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) nel 1994 sull’aumento dei flussi migratori tra Stati Uniti, Messico e Canada. Particolare attenzione viene data agli attraversamenti della frontiera meridionale tra Stati Uniti e Messico. Al fine di comprendere pienamente l’interazione tra questi due fenomeni, si esamineranno le variazioni relative agli scambi commerciali tra i tre paesi membri, prima e dopo l’implementazione del NAFTA, comprendendo come tali cambiamenti abbiano influenzato i movimenti migratori dal Messico verso gli Stati Uniti. Verranno inoltre esplorate le motivazioni che spingono gli individui ad attraversare la frontiera, nonché le sfide che tale attraversamento implica. Infine, saranno esplorate le caratteristiche della connessione "incerta" tra l’integrazione commerciale raggiunta mediante la firma del NAFTA e la migrazione dal Messico verso gli Stati Uniti. Si analizzeranno nel dettaglio gli effetti, nonché le conseguenze di tale integrazione sulle dimensioni, sulla composizione e sulle forme di migrazione tra Stati Uniti e Messico ripercorrendo la letteratura di rilievo in materia. Infine, si tenterà di comprendere, sulla base delle evidenze fornite dalla letteratura, se il NAFTA (USMCA) possa essere considerato come un deterrente per la migrazione Sud-Nord o come elemento propulsore di nuovi flussi migratori.
Commercio, migrazione ed integrazione economica: l’impatto dell’accordo NAFTA sugli attraversamenti della frontiera tra Stati Uniti e Messico
LA ROSA, MIRIAM
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis aims to examine the relationship between trade integration resulting from free trade agreements and migratory flows, focusing in particular on the impact of trade liberalisation resulting from the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 on the increase in migration flows between the United States, Mexico and Canada. Particular attention is given to the southern border crossings between the United States and Mexico. In order to fully understand the interaction between these two phenomena, changes in trade between the three member countries, before and after the implementation of NAFTA, will be examined, understanding how these changes have affected migratory movements from Mexico to the United States. It will also explore the motivations for individuals to cross the border, as well as the challenges that such crossing implies. Finally, the characteristics of the "uncertain" connection between the trade integration achieved through the signing of NAFTA and the migration from Mexico to the United States will be explored. The effects and consequences of this integration on the size, composition and forms of migration between the United States and Mexico will be analysed in detail in the relevant literature. Finally, an attempt will be made to understand, on the basis of evidence from the literature, whether NAFTA (USMCA) can be considered as a deterrent to South-North migration or as a driving force for new migration flows.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67917