Factors behind the childless boom in Italy

This thesis investigates the complex causes of Italy's growing trend of childlessness. Italy is a country experiencing a demographic crisis that may cause long-term instability. A future where a population collapse appears inevitable is indicated by the fact that the average number of children per woman has fallen to 1.24, well below the replacement level of 2.1. This study explores the different demographic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors that are causing this decline. Long-term economic uncertainty is a significant factor that has affected family planning. Italy's GDP declined dramatically in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, at its steepest rate since records began in 1971. The youth have been disproportionately impacted by this economic downturn, which discourages family formation due to financial instability, especially when combined with labor reforms that introduce risky job conditions. In order to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the childlessness phenomenon in Italy, the research methodologically integrates statistical data review, historical perspectives analysis, and cultural examination. This method makes it easier to understand how societal norms, personal goals, and financial difficulties interact to influence fertility decisions. Furthermore, the thesis investigates recent international events – most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic, which further depressed birth rates to historical lows, intensifying existing demographic trends. Finally, this thesis attempts to provide a structured and detailed examination of the complex factors leading to the childless boom in Italy, offering a foundation for future research and policy considerations aimed at addressing this critical societal issue.