Equità attuariale e intergenerazionale nei sistemi pensionistici a contribuzione definita nozionale (NDC): un confronto tra Italia e Svezia

The challenges posed by an aging population and a declining workforce necessitate strategic measures by the government to ensure fiscal sustainability. One such measure has been the transition from conventional PAYG-DB public pension systems to notional defined contribution (NDC) systems. This transition aims to achieve financial sustainability without necessarily resorting to a systematic shift to funded pension systems. The implementation of NDC systems in countries like Italy and Sweden serves as an example of how the same pension scheme can have different designs. These differences arise from the specific environment in which the transition occurs and the processes leading to the shift. The thesis examines the reforms that took place in the two countries in the nineties, confronting the transition designs and evaluating the actuarial fairness and intergenerational equity of the resulting pension systems. This comparative analysis provides insights into the effectiveness and implications of different approaches to pension reform in addressing the challenges posed by demographic changes.