Starting from the research question: “How does sport, especially basketball, influence the life of an athlete with a sensory disability?” The key concepts on which the following research will be based, such as disability, empowerment and sport, are presented and explored in depth. Over time the term "disability" has been the subject of many definitions in different disciplines, described according to different models, including medical, then social and finally biopsychosocial. A fundamental contribution was given by Sen's Capability Approach (1999), according to which the person is placed at the center of the decision-making process, in his freedom of choice, needs and desires to porsue the idea of Well-being. Capacity does not constitute the presence of a physical or mental ability; rather, it is intended as a practical opportunity that can generate virtuous functioning for the person capable of increasing personal and social empowerment. Collective capabilities are thus defined as those that allow the interaction of a group of people to perform actions and reach states of being, which would be impossible to achieve if individuals acted alone. It is important to recognize that the perspective of empowerment has already been adopted to study sport for disabled people, demonstrating how sport can encourage, even in athletes with disabilities, the teaching of positive values and the construction of a richer and more solid personality. Hutzler's model argues that empowerment is closely related to concepts such as self-efficacy and perceived competence but also to those factors including family context, support and sports participation highlighted in the subsequent studies. Therefore sport in general turns out to be a powerful means of emancipation. In fact, it can represent that "social container" in which the team-group transforms its limits into both individual and group virtuous opportunities. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, to investigate how basketball could represented an opportunity for "redemption" in life for the deaf players of the Italian national basketball team. The players were therefore involved in the Photovoice process, a research-action tool in which the participants had an active role since the method consists in the use of photographic shots through which the players have the opportunity to "narrate" their points of view in response to the photographic task assigned to them. The most representative shots were first collected and then discussed, shedding light on different facets of a disability sometimes defined as "invisible". The various themes that emerged from the research process will thus be presented and argued. Each participant involved brought with them their own story and experiences in a collective discussion in which various facets emerged and the different factors that can influence personal and group empowerment such as the promptness of the diagnosis, the family context, the perceived support and sports participation. In fact, the results showed how in the sporting context disability no longer represents that limit but an opportunity that has allowed the different players to perceive themselves as masters of their own lives, to participate in important sporting events and thus to increase their self-esteem and control over their life. In this way, sport turns out to be a "school of life" that has made these athletes successful in overcoming their limits both on and off the basketball court.
Partendo dalla domanda di ricerca: “In che modo lo sport, in particolare il basket, influenza la vita di un’atleta con disabilità sensoriale?” vengono presentati e approfonditi i concetti cardine su cui verterà la seguente ricerca come la disabilità, l’empowerment e lo sport. Nel corso del tempo il termine "disabilità" è stato oggetto di molte definizioni in diverse discipline, descritto secondo differenti modelli, tra cui quello medico, poi sociale e infine, biopsicosociale. Un apporto fondamentale è stato dato dal Capability Approach di Sen (1999), secondo cui la persona viene posta al centro del processo decisionale, nella sua libertà di scelta, bisogni e desideri per perseguire l'idea di Ben-essere. La capability non costituisce la presenza di un’abilità fisica o mentale; piuttosto, è intesa come un’opportunità pratica che possa generare funzionamenti virtuosi per la persona in grado di aumentare l’empowerment personale e sociale. Vengono così definite le capacità collettive quelle che consentono l'interazione di un gruppo di persone a compiere azioni e raggiungere stati dell’essere, i quali, sarebbe impossibile raggiungere se gli individui agissero da soli. È importante riconoscere che la prospettiva dell’empowerment è già̀ stata adottata per studiare lo sport per disabili a dimostrazione di come lo sport possa favorire, anche negli atleti con disabilità, l’insegnamento di valori positivi e la costruzione di una personalità più ricca e solida. Il modello di Hutzler sostiene che l'empowerment è strettamente correlato a concetti come l'autoefficacia e la competenza percepita ma anche a quei fattori tra cui il contesto familiare, il supporto e la partecipazione sportiva evidenziati negli studi successivi. Per cui lo sport in generale, si rivela essere un potente mezzo di emancipazione. Infatti può rappresentare quel “contenitore sociale” in cui il gruppo-squadra trasforma i propri limiti in virtuose opportunità sia singole che di gruppo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è, pertanto, quello di indagare come la pallacanestro, abbia potuto rappresentare occasione di “riscatto” nella vita per le giocatrici della Nazionale Italiana di pallacanestro sorde. Le giocatrici sono state pertanto coinvolte nel processo del Photovoice, uno strumento di ricerca-azione in cui le partecipanti hanno avuto un ruolo attivo poiché il metodo consiste nell’uso di scatti fotografici tramite cui le giocatrici hanno modo di “raccontare” i propri punti di vista in risposta al compito fotografico assegnatogli. Gli scatti più rappresentativi sono stati prima raccolti e poi discussi, mettendo luce su diverse sfaccettature di una disabilità definita a volte “invisibile”. Verranno così presentate e argomentate le diverse tematiche emerse dal processo di ricerca. Ogni partecipante coinvolta ha portato con sé la propria storia e le proprie esperienze in una discussione collettiva in cui sono emerse varie sfaccettature e i diversi fattori che possono influenzare l’empowerment personale e di gruppo come la tempestività della diagnosi, il contesto familiare, il supporto percepito e la partecipazione sportiva. I risultati hanno infatti mostrato come nel contesto sportivo la disabilità non rappresenti più quel limite ma un’opportunità che ha permesso alle diverse giocatrici di percepirsi padrone della propria vita, di partecipare a manifestazioni sportive importanti e di aumentare così la propria autostima e controllo sulla propria vita. In questo modo lo sport si rivela essere una “scuola di vita” che ha reso vincenti queste atlete nel superare i propri limiti sia in campo che fuori.
Il riscatto attraverso lo sport. Indagine tramite Photovoice con la nazionale italiana di basket di atlete con disabilità uditiva.
SORRENTINO, SIMONA
2023/2024
Abstract
Starting from the research question: “How does sport, especially basketball, influence the life of an athlete with a sensory disability?” The key concepts on which the following research will be based, such as disability, empowerment and sport, are presented and explored in depth. Over time the term "disability" has been the subject of many definitions in different disciplines, described according to different models, including medical, then social and finally biopsychosocial. A fundamental contribution was given by Sen's Capability Approach (1999), according to which the person is placed at the center of the decision-making process, in his freedom of choice, needs and desires to porsue the idea of Well-being. Capacity does not constitute the presence of a physical or mental ability; rather, it is intended as a practical opportunity that can generate virtuous functioning for the person capable of increasing personal and social empowerment. Collective capabilities are thus defined as those that allow the interaction of a group of people to perform actions and reach states of being, which would be impossible to achieve if individuals acted alone. It is important to recognize that the perspective of empowerment has already been adopted to study sport for disabled people, demonstrating how sport can encourage, even in athletes with disabilities, the teaching of positive values and the construction of a richer and more solid personality. Hutzler's model argues that empowerment is closely related to concepts such as self-efficacy and perceived competence but also to those factors including family context, support and sports participation highlighted in the subsequent studies. Therefore sport in general turns out to be a powerful means of emancipation. In fact, it can represent that "social container" in which the team-group transforms its limits into both individual and group virtuous opportunities. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, to investigate how basketball could represented an opportunity for "redemption" in life for the deaf players of the Italian national basketball team. The players were therefore involved in the Photovoice process, a research-action tool in which the participants had an active role since the method consists in the use of photographic shots through which the players have the opportunity to "narrate" their points of view in response to the photographic task assigned to them. The most representative shots were first collected and then discussed, shedding light on different facets of a disability sometimes defined as "invisible". The various themes that emerged from the research process will thus be presented and argued. Each participant involved brought with them their own story and experiences in a collective discussion in which various facets emerged and the different factors that can influence personal and group empowerment such as the promptness of the diagnosis, the family context, the perceived support and sports participation. In fact, the results showed how in the sporting context disability no longer represents that limit but an opportunity that has allowed the different players to perceive themselves as masters of their own lives, to participate in important sporting events and thus to increase their self-esteem and control over their life. In this way, sport turns out to be a "school of life" that has made these athletes successful in overcoming their limits both on and off the basketball court.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Sorrentino definitiva.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/69061