In this thesis work the Renewable Energy Communities (REC), powered by photovoltaic systems, are analysed from a technical-economic point of view. The study is carried out through the development of a model in the Excel environment, which allows simulating the costs and benefits expected throughout the life of the energy community. To this end, it is essential to know the electrical load curves of passive users, in order to correctly size the production systems and at the same time be able to reliably estimate the value of the virtually shared energy. For this purpose, the created tool helps to calculate the electrical load curves of domestic users, where usually only the monthly energy values are available, based on the characteristics of the building, the electrical appliances present and the type of work/activity carried out by each member of the household. A strong point of the model is that it allows the estimation of most of the required inputs, based on statistical data available in the literature, in order to facilitate the compilation of the file even in the absence of information. In this way it is possible to preliminarily simulate different configurations, creating heterogeneous virtual users, allowing, for example, to identify the correct target of citizens to be involved in the future creation of the energy community. In the end, a simulation of a renewable energy community is proposed, involving all the main subjects indicated by the legislation (producer, prosumer, consumer). Non-homogeneous users were included in the simulation, in order to understand how the expected benefits vary for each user depending on their habits and social situation. In fact, members in a situation of energy poverty were also included, therefore users unable to reach an adequate level of essential energy services due to a combination of low income and low energy efficiency in their homes. In this way, thanks to the created tool, it is possible to understand how the division of economic benefits must be regulated, by the REC statute, in order to provide a social benefit to members who have a greater need for it and avoid speculative situations by other subjects.
In questo lavoro di tesi vengono analizzate le Comunità di Energia Rinnovabile (CER), alimentate da impianti fotovoltaici, dal punto di vista tecnico-economico. Lo studio è effettuato tramite lo sviluppo di un modello in ambiente Excel, che permette di simulare i costi e i benefici attesi durante tutta la vita della comunità energetica. A tal fine, risulta fondamentale poter disporre delle curve di carico elettrico degli utenti passivi, in modo da dimensionare correttamente gli impianti di produzione e allo stesso tempo poter stimare in modo attendibile il valore dell’energia condivisa virtualmente. In questo, viene in aiuto lo strumento creato che permette di calcolare le curve di carico elettrico degli utenti domestici, dove solitamente sono disponibili solo letture mensili di energia fatturata in bolletta, sulla base delle caratteristiche dell’edificio, degli elettrodomestici presenti e sulla tipologia di lavoro/attività svolta da ogni membro che compone il nucleo famigliare. Un punto di forza del modello è quello di consentire la stima della maggior parte degli input richiesti, basandosi su dati statistici presenti in letteratura, al fine di agevolare la compilazione del file anche in assenza di informazioni. In questo modo è possibile simulare in via preliminare diverse configurazioni, creando utenti virtuali eterogenei tra loro, anche al fine di individuare il target corretto di cittadini da dover coinvolgere nella futura creazione della comunità energetica. Infine, viene proposta la simulazione di una comunità energetica rinnovabile, che coinvolgere tutti i principali soggetti previsti dalla normativa (producer, prosumer, consumer). Nella simulazione sono stati inseriti utenti disomogenei, al fine di comprendere come variano i benefici attesi per ogni utente a seconda delle sue abitudini e della sua situazione sociale. Infatti, sono stati previsti anche dei membri in situazione di povertà energetica, cioè non in grado di raggiunge un adeguato livello di servizi energetici essenziali a causa di una combinazione di basso reddito e bassa efficienza energetica nelle proprie case. In questo modo, grazie allo strumento creato, è possibile capire come deve essere regolata la suddivisione dei benefici economici, da parte dello statuto della CER, al fine di apportare un beneficio sociale ai membri che ne hanno una maggior necessità ed evitare situazioni speculative da parte di altri soggetti.
Design model for renewable energy communities
CARPIGNANI PANEBIANCO, GABRIELE
2023/2024
Abstract
In this thesis work the Renewable Energy Communities (REC), powered by photovoltaic systems, are analysed from a technical-economic point of view. The study is carried out through the development of a model in the Excel environment, which allows simulating the costs and benefits expected throughout the life of the energy community. To this end, it is essential to know the electrical load curves of passive users, in order to correctly size the production systems and at the same time be able to reliably estimate the value of the virtually shared energy. For this purpose, the created tool helps to calculate the electrical load curves of domestic users, where usually only the monthly energy values are available, based on the characteristics of the building, the electrical appliances present and the type of work/activity carried out by each member of the household. A strong point of the model is that it allows the estimation of most of the required inputs, based on statistical data available in the literature, in order to facilitate the compilation of the file even in the absence of information. In this way it is possible to preliminarily simulate different configurations, creating heterogeneous virtual users, allowing, for example, to identify the correct target of citizens to be involved in the future creation of the energy community. In the end, a simulation of a renewable energy community is proposed, involving all the main subjects indicated by the legislation (producer, prosumer, consumer). Non-homogeneous users were included in the simulation, in order to understand how the expected benefits vary for each user depending on their habits and social situation. In fact, members in a situation of energy poverty were also included, therefore users unable to reach an adequate level of essential energy services due to a combination of low income and low energy efficiency in their homes. In this way, thanks to the created tool, it is possible to understand how the division of economic benefits must be regulated, by the REC statute, in order to provide a social benefit to members who have a greater need for it and avoid speculative situations by other subjects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/69323