Serpin B3 (SCCA1) is a human protein belonging to the family of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs), involved in various pathological processes, including cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and resistance to chemotherapy treatments. Serpin B3 is known for its overexpression in several types of epithelial tumors, such as cervical carcinoma and esophageal carcinomas. In particular, its relevance in Barrett's esophagus-associated lesions is linked to an increased risk of carcinogenesis with a poor prognosis and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy in patients with overexpression of this protein. This study focuses on the characterization and optimization of recombinantly produced nanobodies specifically targeted against Serpin B3. The aim is to obtain high-affinity antibody tools for the target to be used in the early detection of the marker during tumor development or in an advanced tumor stage. The nanobodies were produced and analytical size-exclusion chromatographies were conducted to study the interaction between the nanobodies and Serpin B3, in its wildtype form and a mutant lacking a fragment that promotes its proteolysis. The specificity of nanobody binding to Serpin B3 produced in mammalian cells was evaluated through immunoprecipitation. To improve binding properties, the nanobodies were optimized by fusing them with the Fc portion of antibodies, allowing increased avidity, and by random mutagenesis, optimized nanobodies for their affinity were identified. The binding mode of both parental and mutagenized nanobodies to Serpin B3 was assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Finally, complexes between Serpin B3 and the nanobodies were formed for crystallization, obtaining crystals for X-ray diffraction experiments to characterize the binding epitope. The yields of the new nanobodies were also compared to those of their parental counterparts to verify if the introduced modifications improved production and affinity. In conclusion, the new nanobodies demonstrate significantly higher affinity for the Serpin B3 target compared to their parental counterparts, leading to considerable improvements in binding efficacy. These results highlight the potential of modified nanobodies as advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools for Serpin B3-related diseases.
Serpin B3 (SCCA1) è una proteina umana appartenente alla famiglia degli inibitori delle serin proteasi (SERPINs), coinvolta in vari processi patologici, inclusi la proliferazione cellulare, l'invasione dei tessuti e la resistenza ai trattamenti chemioterapici. Serpin B3 è nota per la sua sovra-espressione in diversi tipi di tumori epiteliali, come il carcinoma della cervice e i carcinomi esofagei. In particolare, la sua rilevanza nelle lesioni associate all'esofago di Barett è collegata a un aumentato rischio di carcinogenesi con prognosi negativa e a una ridotta sensibilità al trattamento chemioterapico nei pazienti che presentano una sovra-espressione di questa proteina. Questo studio si concentra sulla caratterizzazione e ottimizzazione di nanoanticorpi prodotti per via ricombinante, mirati specificamente contro Serpin B3. Lo scopo è quello di ottenere strumenti anticorpali ad alta affinità per il target per poterli sfruttare nella rilevazione del marcatore in una fase iniziale di sviluppo del tumore, oppure da utilizzare in una fase già avanzata del tumore. Sono stati prodotti i nanoanticorpi e sono state condotte cromatografie ad esclusione dimensionale analitiche per studiare l'interazione tra i nanoanticorpi e Serpin B3, nella sua forma wildtype ed un mutante privo di un frammento che favorisce la sua proteolisi. La specificità del legame dei nanoanticorpi a Serpin B3 prodotta in cellule di mammifero è stata valutata tramite immunoprecipitazione. Per migliorare le proprietà di legame, i nanoanticorpi sono stati ottimizzati tramite fusione con la porzione Fc degli anticorpi, permettendo di aumentare l’avidità; mentre tramite mutagenesi casuale sono stati individuati dei nanoanticorpi ottimizzati per la loro affinità. La modalità di legame, dei nanoanticorpi parentali e mutagenizzati, per Serpin B3 è stata valutata utilizzando la tecnica della risonanza plasmonica di superficie (SPR). Infine, sono stati formati complessi tra Serpin B3 e i nanoanticorpi per la cristallizzazione, ottenendo cristalli da impiegare in esperimenti di diffrazione a raggi X per caratterizzare l’epitopo di legame. Sono state anche confrontate le rese dei nuovi nanoanticorpi con quelle dei loro parentali, verificando se le modifiche introdotte hanno migliorato la produzione e l'affinità. In conclusione, i nuovi nanoanticorpi dimostrano un'affinità significativamente superiore per il target SerpinB3 rispetto ai loro omologhi parentali, portando a notevoli miglioramenti nell'efficacia del legame. Questi risultati evidenziano il potenziale dei nanoanticorpi modificati come strumenti diagnostici e terapeutici avanzati per le malattie correlate a SerpinB3.
Sviluppo, caratterizzazione, e ottimizzazione di Nanobody per il targeting di Serpin B3
BURGIO, MICHELE
2023/2024
Abstract
Serpin B3 (SCCA1) is a human protein belonging to the family of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs), involved in various pathological processes, including cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and resistance to chemotherapy treatments. Serpin B3 is known for its overexpression in several types of epithelial tumors, such as cervical carcinoma and esophageal carcinomas. In particular, its relevance in Barrett's esophagus-associated lesions is linked to an increased risk of carcinogenesis with a poor prognosis and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy in patients with overexpression of this protein. This study focuses on the characterization and optimization of recombinantly produced nanobodies specifically targeted against Serpin B3. The aim is to obtain high-affinity antibody tools for the target to be used in the early detection of the marker during tumor development or in an advanced tumor stage. The nanobodies were produced and analytical size-exclusion chromatographies were conducted to study the interaction between the nanobodies and Serpin B3, in its wildtype form and a mutant lacking a fragment that promotes its proteolysis. The specificity of nanobody binding to Serpin B3 produced in mammalian cells was evaluated through immunoprecipitation. To improve binding properties, the nanobodies were optimized by fusing them with the Fc portion of antibodies, allowing increased avidity, and by random mutagenesis, optimized nanobodies for their affinity were identified. The binding mode of both parental and mutagenized nanobodies to Serpin B3 was assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Finally, complexes between Serpin B3 and the nanobodies were formed for crystallization, obtaining crystals for X-ray diffraction experiments to characterize the binding epitope. The yields of the new nanobodies were also compared to those of their parental counterparts to verify if the introduced modifications improved production and affinity. In conclusion, the new nanobodies demonstrate significantly higher affinity for the Serpin B3 target compared to their parental counterparts, leading to considerable improvements in binding efficacy. These results highlight the potential of modified nanobodies as advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools for Serpin B3-related diseases.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70244