The role of diets as triggering factors for binge eating disorder in patients with overweight/obesity

The relationship between dietary choices and eating disorders is an increasingly important topic in the fields of nutrition and public health, particularly in light of the rise of binge eating disorder (BED) among individuals with overweight and obesity. This thesis explores the complex interactions between dietary strategies and BED, aiming to identify nutritional approaches that not only promote weight loss but also support sustainable and healthy recovery, without exacerbating the disorder. BED is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating not followed by compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or the use of laxatives. During these episodes, patients experience a loss of control over their food intake, followed by feelings of shame, disgust and guilt. The complexity of the disorder increases when it occurs in individuals suffering of overweight and obesity, as binge eating not only contributes to weight gain but also fuels a dysfunctional cycle that makes effective intervention more challenging. A key focus of the analysis Is Identifying the risk factors associated with BED. Genetic predispositions, psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and stress, along with societal pressure toward unrealistic ideals of thinness, are all factors that can increase vulnerability to the disorder. In particular, severe dietary restrictions and a conflicted relationship with food can lead to binge eating episodes, worsening the clinical situation. The role of the nutritionist Is therefore crucial In the management of BED. An effective dietary approach should not be limited to calorie restriction but should involve personalized plans that take into account the patient’s psychological needs and dietary history. It is essential to avoid categorization of foods as “good” or “bad” and to promote nutritional education that encourages a balanced relationship with food. Nutritional education, in fact, plays a key role in helping patients overcome false beliefs and develop healthier and more mindful eating habits. The thesis also examines dietary strategies for patients with BED, highlighting the importance of avoiding the sense of deprivation typical of restrictive diets. It recommends the inclusion of low-calorie, high-fiber foods and lean proteins to ensure satiety and reduce the risk of binge eating. Additionally, it suggests maintaining dietary variety, allowing for a balanced and satisfying range of food choices without excluding any specific food. In conclusion, managing BED, particularly among patients with overweight and obesity, requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond merely achieving an ideal weight, focusing instead on restoring a healthy and mindful relationship with food. An integrated treatment, involving nutritionists, psychotherapists, and other health professionals, is essential to ensure a complete recovery, addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of the disorder.