This thesis work originates from an assignment by the Regione Veneto to the University of Padua. The objective is to update the cognitive framework of the existing regional forestry roads with the numerous routes created in recent years and not yet registered and review the current information structure in relation to the implementing decree of the consolidated text on forests and forestry supply chains. Given the extension of the regional territory, on this occasion we only dealt with the updating of the forest roads relating to the Altopiano dei Sette Comuni. At the same time, it has been verified the level of accessibility to forest surfaces in general and to the areas affected by Vaia crashes, through the calculation of qualitative indices (road density and spacing) and some analyses based on the systems of use mainly employed by professional and more suitable for logging depending on the distance from the roads and the slope of the land. The data processing has been possible thanks to the use of the open source Qgis software which made it possible to perform analyses, modify spatial information and generate cartography supporting vector and raster data. The information relating to the sections of roads not yet registered, built in emergency conditions or motivated by important state funding was recovered mainly from the interpretation of the orthophoto and from various documentation of projects presented at the offices of the Municipalities of the Plateau For the various analyses and queries, a digital terrain model (DTM) obtained from LiDAR with ground resolution of 1 meter deriving from the 2021 Etra flight was used as a basis. As regards the road network, on the basis of the data and cartography produced, we can conclude that the new interventions recorded have led to an effective improvement in the existing road system and that the Altopiano dei Sette Comuni appears to be well served. In evaluating accessibility, the method based on the four logging systems most used by professional companies can be considered innovative since it allowed us to evaluate accessibility very precisely, distinguishing the different forestry categories in relation to slope and the distance from forest and multifunctional roads. However, in the case of the method of accessibility indices (road density and spacing), deriving from the relationship between the lengths of the road sections and forest surfaces, results that were not too exhaustive were obtained. These quantitative indices were found to be qualitatively insufficient to evaluate the accessibility to forest areas because they do not involve some relevant elements such as road distribution in areas with similar surfaces and the morphological conditions of the terrain. Furthermore, the final results confirmed that in very large areas the best solution remains that of using Harvester-Forwarder vehicles, especially for ease and speed of processing and safety. In very small areas with slopes of less than 30% it is more convenient to use a chainsaw and winch tractor.
Il progetto di tesi deriva da un affidamento di incarico da parte della Regione Veneto all’Università di Padova. L’obiettivo è quello di aggiornare il quadro conoscitivo della viabilità forestale regionale esistente con i numerosi tracciati realizzati negli ultimi anni e non ancora censiti e rivedere l'attuale struttura dell'informazione in relazione al decreto attuativo del testo unico sulle foreste e filiere forestali. Vista l’estensione del territorio regionale, in questa occasione ci siamo occupati solamente dell’aggiornamento della viabilità forestale relativa Altopiano dei Sette Comuni. Contestualmente si è verificato anche il livello di accessibilità alle superfici forestali in generale e alle aree interessate da schianti Vaia tramite il calcolo di indici di tipo qualitativo (densità viaria e spaziatura) e alcune analisi basate sui sistemi di utilizzazione maggiormente impiegati da imprese professionali e più adatti all’esbosco in funzione della distanza dalle strade e della pendenza del terreno. L’elaborazione dei dati è stata possibile grazie all’utilizzo del software opensource Qgis che ha permesso di eseguire analisi, editare informazioni spaziali e di generare cartografia supportando sia dati di tipo vettoriali che raster. Le informazioni relative ai tratti di viabilità non ancora censiti, realizzati in condizioni di emergenza o motivati da importanti finanziamenti statali sono stati recuperati principalmente da interpretazione dell’ortofoto disponibili e dalla documentazione di progetti presentati c/o gli uffici dei Comuni dell’Altopiano Per le diverse analisi e interrogazioni è stato utilizzato come base un modello digitale del terreno (DTM) ricavato da LiDAR con risoluzione a terra di 1 metro derivante da Volo Etra del 2021. Per quanto riguarda la viabilità, sulla base dei dati e cartografia prodotta, possiamo concludere che i nuovi interventi registrati hanno portato ad un miglioramento effettivo della viabilità esistente e che l’Altopiano dei Sette Comuni risulta essere ben servito. Nella valutazione dell’accessibilità, il metodo basato sui quattro sistemi di esbosco maggiormente impiegati da imprese professionali, può essere considerato innovativo poiché ci ha permesso di valutare in maniera molto precisa l’accessibilità, distinguendo le diverse categoria forestale in relazione della pendenza e della distanza dalle strade forestali e multifunzionali. Nel caso invece del metodo degli indici di accessibilità (densità viaria e spaziatura), derivanti dal rapporto tra lunghezza dei tratti viari e superfici forestali, si sono ottenuti dei risultati non troppo esaustivi. Questi indici di tipo quantitativo sono risultati qualitativamente insufficienti per valutare l’accessibilità alle aree forestali perché non considerano alcuni elementi rilevanti come la distribuzione stradale in aree con superfici simili e le condizioni morfologiche del terreno. Inoltre, i risultati finali ci hanno confermato che in aree molto ampie la soluzione migliore rimane quella di impiegare una combinazione di mezzi Harvester-Forwarder, specialmente per facilità e velocità di lavorazione e sicurezza. In aree molto piccole con pendenze inferiori al 30% è più conveniente l’impiego di motosega e trattore verricello.
Viabilità forestale e silvo-pastorale della Regione Veneto. Aggiornamento del quadro conoscitivo esistente. Area di studio: Altopiano dei Sette Comuni (VI)
NICOLETTA, MANUELE
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis work originates from an assignment by the Regione Veneto to the University of Padua. The objective is to update the cognitive framework of the existing regional forestry roads with the numerous routes created in recent years and not yet registered and review the current information structure in relation to the implementing decree of the consolidated text on forests and forestry supply chains. Given the extension of the regional territory, on this occasion we only dealt with the updating of the forest roads relating to the Altopiano dei Sette Comuni. At the same time, it has been verified the level of accessibility to forest surfaces in general and to the areas affected by Vaia crashes, through the calculation of qualitative indices (road density and spacing) and some analyses based on the systems of use mainly employed by professional and more suitable for logging depending on the distance from the roads and the slope of the land. The data processing has been possible thanks to the use of the open source Qgis software which made it possible to perform analyses, modify spatial information and generate cartography supporting vector and raster data. The information relating to the sections of roads not yet registered, built in emergency conditions or motivated by important state funding was recovered mainly from the interpretation of the orthophoto and from various documentation of projects presented at the offices of the Municipalities of the Plateau For the various analyses and queries, a digital terrain model (DTM) obtained from LiDAR with ground resolution of 1 meter deriving from the 2021 Etra flight was used as a basis. As regards the road network, on the basis of the data and cartography produced, we can conclude that the new interventions recorded have led to an effective improvement in the existing road system and that the Altopiano dei Sette Comuni appears to be well served. In evaluating accessibility, the method based on the four logging systems most used by professional companies can be considered innovative since it allowed us to evaluate accessibility very precisely, distinguishing the different forestry categories in relation to slope and the distance from forest and multifunctional roads. However, in the case of the method of accessibility indices (road density and spacing), deriving from the relationship between the lengths of the road sections and forest surfaces, results that were not too exhaustive were obtained. These quantitative indices were found to be qualitatively insufficient to evaluate the accessibility to forest areas because they do not involve some relevant elements such as road distribution in areas with similar surfaces and the morphological conditions of the terrain. Furthermore, the final results confirmed that in very large areas the best solution remains that of using Harvester-Forwarder vehicles, especially for ease and speed of processing and safety. In very small areas with slopes of less than 30% it is more convenient to use a chainsaw and winch tractor.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70746