In phytopathogenic fungi, the cell wall is the first structure that comes into contact with the host plant. Chitin is one of the main constituents of the fungal cell wall. For this reason, in plant-pathogen interaction, this polysaccharide represents a powerful source of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) which can trigger innate immune responses in the plant. As part of their defense strategy against pathogenic fungi, plants routinely secrete chitinases, enzymes responsible for the degradation of chitin. During this study, the presence of class IV chitinase, already studied in grapes, was analyzed in Vitis vinifera leaves infected with the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. This study attests the presence chitinase IV in the apoplastic fluids of leaf tissue. The protease activity of Botrytis cinerea cleavages the chitin-binding domain (CBD) of grapevine chitinase IV, reducing its enzymatic and antifungal activities. To demonstrate the importance of CBD interacting with pathogenic fungi, the CBD coding sequence of the chitinase IV of grapevine and of a tomato chitinase IV, Chi4D and SlChi13 respectively, were cloned in this study. The CBD sequences were expressed in yeast and plant. The production of CBD in yeast has been very limited. The transient expression of the two transgenes in Nicotiana tabacum was confirmed by RT-qPCR and the analysis of the necrotized areas demonstrated the antifungal activity of the CBD of Chi4D. Moreover, transformed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds have been obtained, in which the constitutive expression of CBD needs to be confirmed. Further studies are needed for acknowledging function, antifungal mechanism and potential application of CBD from chitinases IV.
Nei funghi fitopatogeni la parete cellulare è la prima struttura che entra in contatto con la pianta ospite. Uno dei suoi principali costituenti è la chitina. Per questa ragione, nell’interazione pianta-patogeno, questo polisaccaride costituisce una potente sorgente di molecole associate al patogeno (MAMP), che permettono l’innesco di una risposta immunitaria nella pianta. Come parte della loro strategia dai funghi patogeni, le piante secernono abitualmente chitinasi, enzimi responsabili della degradazione della chitina. Nel corso di questo studio è stata indagata la presenza di una chitinasi di classe IV, già studiata nelle bacche, in foglie di Vitis vinifera infettate dal fungo fitopatogeno Botrytis cinerea. Questo studio conferma la presenza della chitinasi IV nei fluidi apoplastici del tessuto fogliare. L'attività proteasica di Botrytis cinerea scinde il chitin-binding domain (CBD) della chitinasi IV di vite, riducendone l'attività enzimatica e antifungina. Per dimostrare l’importanza del CBD nell’interazione col fungo patogeno, in questo studio è stata clonata la sequenza codificante il CBD della chitinasi IV di vite e di una chitinasi IV di pomodoro, rispettivamente Chi4D e SlChi13. Le sequenze CBD sono state espresse in lievito e in pianta. La produzione dei CBD in lievito è stata molto modesta. L’espressione transiente dei due transgeni in Nicotiana tabacum è stata confermata tramite RT-qPCR e i risultati dell’analisi delle aree necrotizzate hanno dimostrato l’attività antifungina del CBD di Chi4D. Sono stati ottenuti anche dei semi di Arabidopsis thaliana trasformati, nei quali l’espressione costitutiva del CBD dovrà essere confermata. Ulteriori studi saranno necessari per un approfondire le conoscenze sulla funzione, meccanismo antifungino e potenzialità d’applicazione dei CBD delle chitinasi IV.
Caratterizzazione di una chitinasi IV in foglie di Vitis vinifera ed espressione eterologa del chitin-binding domain di chitinasi di vite e pomodoro.
FENIO, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
In phytopathogenic fungi, the cell wall is the first structure that comes into contact with the host plant. Chitin is one of the main constituents of the fungal cell wall. For this reason, in plant-pathogen interaction, this polysaccharide represents a powerful source of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) which can trigger innate immune responses in the plant. As part of their defense strategy against pathogenic fungi, plants routinely secrete chitinases, enzymes responsible for the degradation of chitin. During this study, the presence of class IV chitinase, already studied in grapes, was analyzed in Vitis vinifera leaves infected with the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. This study attests the presence chitinase IV in the apoplastic fluids of leaf tissue. The protease activity of Botrytis cinerea cleavages the chitin-binding domain (CBD) of grapevine chitinase IV, reducing its enzymatic and antifungal activities. To demonstrate the importance of CBD interacting with pathogenic fungi, the CBD coding sequence of the chitinase IV of grapevine and of a tomato chitinase IV, Chi4D and SlChi13 respectively, were cloned in this study. The CBD sequences were expressed in yeast and plant. The production of CBD in yeast has been very limited. The transient expression of the two transgenes in Nicotiana tabacum was confirmed by RT-qPCR and the analysis of the necrotized areas demonstrated the antifungal activity of the CBD of Chi4D. Moreover, transformed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds have been obtained, in which the constitutive expression of CBD needs to be confirmed. Further studies are needed for acknowledging function, antifungal mechanism and potential application of CBD from chitinases IV.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70763