Towards Sustainable IoT: Design of an Adaptive Environmental Monitoring Device Using LoRaWAN and GSM Connectivity

This thesis focuses on the redesign and sustainability optimization of an IoT device for environ- mental monitoring, originally developed for an art reconstruction company. The task addresses key concerns related to power consumption, connectivity, and sustainability by integrating Lo- RaWAN and GSM connectivity for devices used in both indoor and outdoor environments. The main purpose of this thesis was to develop a new, sustainable PCB prototype based on the ESP32 processor, enhanced for modularity and future adaptability. The project is to design PCB and choosing components to balance high-speed efficiency with sustainability goals. Key challenges determined in the Artracker PCB design included high power consumption, specifically in the outside environment, and minimal upgradability as a result of the compact design. In feedback, this thesis discovered options such as modularity for much easier hardware upgrades and the integration of a solar charging system to extend battery life. The new PCB layout enables monitoring of environmental parameters such as air quality, temperature, moisture, activity, and location while making it possible for future flexibility for extra sensors or communication modules. The focus on developing a modular, sustainable de- sign aligns with the long-term objectives of reducing digital waste and boosting the durability and energy efficiency of IoT devices. This research not only addresses with the immediate tech- nical challenges but additionally contributes to the broader conversation on sustainable design in the IoT landscape.