This thesis focuses on the internship experience at Plus Biomedicals srl, a company that specialises in the design and production of orthopaedic devices. The project is based on the development of an innovative elastic orthosis for paediatric individuals with neuromotor disorders, an area of great clinical and social relevance. Neuromotor disorders have the potential to significantly impair children's quality of life, limiting their capacity to move and interact. Accordingly, the principal objective of this project is to design, develop and validate an orthotic device that enhances postural stability and facilitates ambulation, thereby addressing the specific needs of growing children. The introductory chapter presents a comprehensive examination of the motor issues associated with neuromotor disorders, with a particular emphasis on the biomechanical and physiological processes involved in the gait cycle. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to gain insight into how these mechanisms are altered in paediatric individuals and to ascertain the implications for their motor development. This analysis revealed the necessity for orthotic devices that not only provide support but are also capable of adapting to the growth and developmental requirements of children while minimising any restriction in movement. The design phase of the prototype was informed by an interdisciplinary approach, with input from engineers, therapists and clinicians. The orthosis was designed to be elastic, lightweight and comfortable, utilising innovative materials such as elastic technical fabrics and strategic support layers. A variety of design configurations and technical solutions were investigated to guarantee sufficient adaptability to the diverse body morphologies of paediatric individuals. The prototype was subjected to practical trials in order to ascertain its efficacy and reliability, thereby ensuring that the device could withstand the rigours of daily use. These tests employed advanced methodologies, including gait analysis and electromyography (EMG), which are fundamental tools for monitoring postural and motor changes, as well as muscle activity, which are induced by the use of the orthosis.\\ The analysis of the data collected from the clinical trials revealed clear improvements in the individuals' motor performance. The findings demonstrated that the orthosis not only enhanced stability but also bolstered the children's self-assurance in ambulation, thereby facilitating greater involvement in daily activities. The thesis therefore presents an overall evaluation of the clinical implications of the device, analysing the test results to ascertain whether the orthosis achieved the functional objectives initially established at the outset of the project. A critical analysis of the prototype's potential and limitations was conducted, identifying areas for future development and improvement. In summary, this thesis represents a significant contribution to research in the field of paediatric rehabilitation, offering a promising technological solution capable of improving the quality of life of children with neuromotor disorders. The integrated approach between engineering design and clinical evaluation emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary intervention in the development of effective and functional orthotic devices.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si concentra sull'esperienza di tirocinio presso l'azienda Plus Biomedicals srl, specializzata nella progettazione e produzione di dispositivi ortopedici. Il progetto si basa sullo sviluppo di un'ortesi elastica innovativa per pazienti pediatrici con disturbi neuromotori, un’area di grande rilevanza clinica e sociale. I disturbi neuromotori possono influenzare gravemente la qualità della vita dei bambini, limitando la loro capacità di movimento e interazione. Pertanto, l'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è progettare, sviluppare e validare un dispositivo ortesico che migliori la stabilità posturale e faciliti il cammino, rispondendo alle specifiche esigenze dei bambini in fase di crescita. Il capitolo introduttivo fornisce un'analisi dettagliata delle problematiche motorie associate ai disturbi neuromotori, con particolare attenzione ai meccanismi biomeccanici e fisiologici del ciclo del cammino. È stato condotto un ampio studio della letteratura per comprendere come questi meccanismi siano alterati nei pazienti pediatrici e quali siano le implicazioni per il loro sviluppo motorio. Questa analisi ha messo in evidenza la necessità di dispositivi ortesici che non solo offrano supporto, ma che siano anche in grado di adattarsi alle esigenze di crescita e sviluppo dei bambini, minimizzando al contempo qualsiasi restrizione nel movimento. La fase di progettazione del prototipo ha comportato un approccio interdisciplinare, coinvolgendo ingegneri, terapisti e clinici. L'ortesi è stata progettata per essere elastica, leggera e confortevole, utilizzando materiali innovativi come tessuti tecnici elastici e strati di supporto strategici. Sono state esplorate diverse configurazioni di design e soluzioni tecniche per garantire un'adeguata adattabilità alle varie morfologie corporee dei pazienti pediatrici. Il prototipo è stato testato attraverso prove pratiche per valutarne l’efficacia e l'affidabilità, assicurando che il dispositivo potesse resistere a un uso quotidiano. Questi test hanno incluso metodologie avanzate come l'analisi del cammino e l'elettromiografia (EMG), strumenti fondamentali per monitorare le variazioni posturali e motorie, nonchè l'attività muscolare, indotte dall'uso dell'ortesi.\\ L'analisi dei dati raccolti dai test clinici ha permesso di identificare chiaramente i miglioramenti nelle prestazioni motorie dei pazienti. I risultati hanno dimostrato che l'ortesi non solo ha migliorato la stabilità, ma ha anche aumentato la fiducia dei bambini nel camminare, favorendo una maggiore partecipazione alle attività quotidiane. La tesi propone quindi una valutazione complessiva delle implicazioni cliniche del dispositivo, analizzando i risultati dei test per verificare se l'ortesi soddisfacesse gli obiettivi funzionali stabiliti all'inizio del progetto. È stata condotta un'analisi critica delle potenzialità e delle limitazioni del prototipo, evidenziando aree per futuri sviluppi e miglioramenti. In sintesi, questa tesi rappresenta un significativo contributo alla ricerca nel campo della riabilitazione pediatrica, offrendo una soluzione tecnologica promettente in grado di migliorare la qualità della vita di bambini affetti da disturbi neuromotori. L'approccio integrato tra progettazione ingegneristica e valutazione clinica sottolinea l'importanza di un intervento multidisciplinare nella realizzazione di dispositivi ortesici efficaci e funzionali.
Development and Evaluation of Neurological Suit with MoveOn® Technology for Pediatric Pathologies: Design, Prototyping and Gait Analysis
LAMBERTI, DESIREE LAURA
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis focuses on the internship experience at Plus Biomedicals srl, a company that specialises in the design and production of orthopaedic devices. The project is based on the development of an innovative elastic orthosis for paediatric individuals with neuromotor disorders, an area of great clinical and social relevance. Neuromotor disorders have the potential to significantly impair children's quality of life, limiting their capacity to move and interact. Accordingly, the principal objective of this project is to design, develop and validate an orthotic device that enhances postural stability and facilitates ambulation, thereby addressing the specific needs of growing children. The introductory chapter presents a comprehensive examination of the motor issues associated with neuromotor disorders, with a particular emphasis on the biomechanical and physiological processes involved in the gait cycle. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to gain insight into how these mechanisms are altered in paediatric individuals and to ascertain the implications for their motor development. This analysis revealed the necessity for orthotic devices that not only provide support but are also capable of adapting to the growth and developmental requirements of children while minimising any restriction in movement. The design phase of the prototype was informed by an interdisciplinary approach, with input from engineers, therapists and clinicians. The orthosis was designed to be elastic, lightweight and comfortable, utilising innovative materials such as elastic technical fabrics and strategic support layers. A variety of design configurations and technical solutions were investigated to guarantee sufficient adaptability to the diverse body morphologies of paediatric individuals. The prototype was subjected to practical trials in order to ascertain its efficacy and reliability, thereby ensuring that the device could withstand the rigours of daily use. These tests employed advanced methodologies, including gait analysis and electromyography (EMG), which are fundamental tools for monitoring postural and motor changes, as well as muscle activity, which are induced by the use of the orthosis.\\ The analysis of the data collected from the clinical trials revealed clear improvements in the individuals' motor performance. The findings demonstrated that the orthosis not only enhanced stability but also bolstered the children's self-assurance in ambulation, thereby facilitating greater involvement in daily activities. The thesis therefore presents an overall evaluation of the clinical implications of the device, analysing the test results to ascertain whether the orthosis achieved the functional objectives initially established at the outset of the project. A critical analysis of the prototype's potential and limitations was conducted, identifying areas for future development and improvement. In summary, this thesis represents a significant contribution to research in the field of paediatric rehabilitation, offering a promising technological solution capable of improving the quality of life of children with neuromotor disorders. The integrated approach between engineering design and clinical evaluation emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary intervention in the development of effective and functional orthotic devices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73141