Neuromodulatory Effects of Neuronavigated Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS): A Systematic Review

Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) represents a cutting-edge modality in the field of neuromodulation, offering unique advantages over existing techniques such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES), and transcranial low-intensity ultrasound stimulation (LITUS). TPS utilizes focused pulses of ultrasonic energy to modulate neuronal activity, with the capability to target deep brain structures precisely. This comprehensive systematic review aims to provide thorough insights into the neuromodulatory effects of Neuronavigated TPS, thereby advancing our understanding of its therapeutic potential and clinical applicability. By synthesizing existing evidence and identifying gaps in the literature, this review intends to inform future research directions, guide clinical practice, and facilitate the development of targeted interventions for neurological disorders, as well as a tool for neuroenhancement for healthy populations. Ultimately, the findings of this review will have the potential to catalyze advancements in the field of neuromodulation, with implications for patient care, treatment optimization, and the exploration of novel therapeutic modalities. Additionally, this review may contribute to the refinement of guidelines and protocols for the use of Neuronavigated TPS in clinical settings, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with neurological conditions.