Background: Evolutionary Dyslexia (ED) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, it is characterized by a impairment in the acquisition of reading skills. Recent scientific studies have shown that the implementation of training with Action Video Games (AVG) improve reading skills, acting on the functionality of the Magnocellulare-Dorsal (MD) pathway and on the visual-attentive skills considered to be the basis of this competence. Methods: We tested the effects of AVG enhancement on some predictors of reading skills, including phonological processing, measured through phonological memory and auditory-phonological discrimination tasks in a group of preschool children. A sample of 81 typical-developing subjects attending the last year of kindergarten was recruited and submitted to a neuropsychological evaluation before and after treatment with AVG. All subjects took part in AVG Powerup for a minimum of 15 sessions (3 times per week for 45 min). Parents of participants were asked to fill out a number of questionnaires, including the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) to investigate temperament and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess emotional-behavioral aspects of the child. Rationale of the thesis: this dissertation aims to investigate the possibility that personological variables, such as temperament and emotional-behavioral aspects of the subjects examined, have an influence on the results of the enhancement with AVG. Results: The improvement indices in cognitive functions tested by tests administered between the two evaluation phases (T0 and T1) were calculated. These indices were then correlated with the scales that assess the temperament (CBQ) and emotional behavioral aspects (CBCL) of the child. The results suggest that improvement in phonological skills positively correlates with the total score on the CBCL scale and positively correlates with the temperamental dimension of the Negative Affectivity of the CBQ questionnaire. A further regression analysis also shows that both of these factors significantly explain the improvement in phonological testing. Conclusions: The results suggest that children who are more likely to experience negative emotions, who are more sensitive to adverse stimuli and prone to experiencing anger, fear and guilt, and with more emotional and behavioral difficulties, are those who benefit most from the treatment by improving their phonological skills, probably for a greater permeability to the environment typical of this type of personality or to be those who have less careful control at the outset, which is manifested by a deficit in the regulation of emotions. These findings pave the way for consideration of temperamental and emotional-behavioral factors in the implementation of specific learning disorder (SDA) prevention and treatment programs.
Background: la Dislessia Evolutiva (DE) è tra i più comuni disturbi del neurosviluppo, è caratterizzata da una compromissione nell’acquisizione delle abilità di lettura. Recenti studi scientifici hanno dimostrato che l’implementazione di training con Action Video Games (AVG) migliorano le abilità di lettura, agendo sulla funzionalità della via Magnocellulare-Dorsale (MD) e sulle abilità visuo-attentive ritenute alla base di questa competenza. Metodi: abbiamo testato gli effetti del potenziamento con AVG su alcuni predittori delle abilità di lettura, tra cui l’elaborazione fonologica, misurata attraverso i compiti di memoria fonologica e di discriminazione uditivo-fonologica in un gruppo di bambini prescolari. È stato reclutato un campione di 81 soggetti a sviluppo tipico frequentanti l’ultimo anno della scuola dell’infanzia che è stato sottoposto ad una valutazione neuropsicologica prima e dopo il trattamento con AVG. Tutti i soggetti hanno preso parte al potenziamento con AVG per un minimo di 15 sessioni (3 volte a settimana per 45 min). Ai genitori dei partecipanti è stato chiesto di compilare alcuni questionari, tra cui il Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) volto ad indagare il temperamento e la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) con lo scopo di valutare gli aspetti emotivo-comportamentali del bambino. Razionale della tesi: il presente elaborato di tesi si propone di indagare la possibilità che variabili personologiche, come il temperamento e gli aspetti emotivo-comportamentali dei soggetti presi in esame, abbiano un’influenza sugli esiti del potenziamento con AVG. Risultati: Sono stati calcolati gli indici di miglioramento nelle funzioni cognitive testate dalle prove somministrate tra le due fasi di valutazione (T0 e T1). Tali indici sono stati poi messi in correlazione con le scale che valutano il temperamento (CBQ) e gli aspetti emotivo comportamentali (CBCL) del bambino. Quanto emerso suggerisce che il miglioramento nelle abilità fonologiche correla positivamente con il punteggio totale alla scala CBCL e correla positivamente con la dimensione temperamentale della Negative Affectivity del questionario CBQ. Un ulteriore analisi di regressione inoltre mostra che entrambi questi fattori spiegano significativamente il miglioramento nelle prove fonologiche. Conclusioni: I risultati suggeriscono che i bambini che hanno una maggiore tendenza a sperimentare emozioni negative, che sono più sensibili agli stimoli avversi e inclini a sperimentare rabbia, paura e senso di colpa, e con più difficoltà emotive e comportamentali, sono quelli che traggono più vantaggio dal trattamento migliorando nelle abilità fonologiche, probabilmente per una maggiore permeabilità all’ambiente tipica di questo tipo di personalità o per esser coloro che hanno un più scarso controllo attentivo in partenza, il quale si manifesta con un deficit nella regolazione delle emozioni. Questi risultati aprono la strada verso la considerazione di fattori temperamentali ed emotivo-comportamentali nell’attuazione di programmi di prevenzione e trattamento dei disturbi specifici dell’apprendimento (DSA).
Prevenire la Dislessia Evolutiva. Gli effetti degli action like videogame sulle competenze fonologiche di bambini prescolari: il ruolo del temperamento e degli aspetti emotivo-comportamentali
MARRA, CHIARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Evolutionary Dyslexia (ED) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, it is characterized by a impairment in the acquisition of reading skills. Recent scientific studies have shown that the implementation of training with Action Video Games (AVG) improve reading skills, acting on the functionality of the Magnocellulare-Dorsal (MD) pathway and on the visual-attentive skills considered to be the basis of this competence. Methods: We tested the effects of AVG enhancement on some predictors of reading skills, including phonological processing, measured through phonological memory and auditory-phonological discrimination tasks in a group of preschool children. A sample of 81 typical-developing subjects attending the last year of kindergarten was recruited and submitted to a neuropsychological evaluation before and after treatment with AVG. All subjects took part in AVG Powerup for a minimum of 15 sessions (3 times per week for 45 min). Parents of participants were asked to fill out a number of questionnaires, including the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) to investigate temperament and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess emotional-behavioral aspects of the child. Rationale of the thesis: this dissertation aims to investigate the possibility that personological variables, such as temperament and emotional-behavioral aspects of the subjects examined, have an influence on the results of the enhancement with AVG. Results: The improvement indices in cognitive functions tested by tests administered between the two evaluation phases (T0 and T1) were calculated. These indices were then correlated with the scales that assess the temperament (CBQ) and emotional behavioral aspects (CBCL) of the child. The results suggest that improvement in phonological skills positively correlates with the total score on the CBCL scale and positively correlates with the temperamental dimension of the Negative Affectivity of the CBQ questionnaire. A further regression analysis also shows that both of these factors significantly explain the improvement in phonological testing. Conclusions: The results suggest that children who are more likely to experience negative emotions, who are more sensitive to adverse stimuli and prone to experiencing anger, fear and guilt, and with more emotional and behavioral difficulties, are those who benefit most from the treatment by improving their phonological skills, probably for a greater permeability to the environment typical of this type of personality or to be those who have less careful control at the outset, which is manifested by a deficit in the regulation of emotions. These findings pave the way for consideration of temperamental and emotional-behavioral factors in the implementation of specific learning disorder (SDA) prevention and treatment programs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74035