Cell cultures play a crucial role in pharmaco-toxicological screening, facilitating the understanding of physiological processes in a controlled and standardized environment, while supporting ethical standards and minimizing the reliance on animal testing. The IPEC-J2 cell line, derived from porcine intestinal epithelial cells, is a well-established model of the human intestinal single-cell layer and polarized epithelium, due to its capacity to more closely mimic the in vivo conditions of both animal and human intestine when compared to analogous rodent cell lines. Furthermore, unlike the commonly used colon carcinoma-derived intestinal cell line, e.g. the Caco-2 cell line, the IPEC-J2 cells offer a non-transformed alternative, showing most of the characteristics of mature enterocytes. Differentiated IPEC-J2 cells can be used for studying ordinary intestinal epithelium functions and drug cytotoxicity mechanisms. They are particularly useful for assessing how different compounds impact the permeability of the physical barrier and the integrity of tight junction structures. In light of this, a controlled proliferation and a spontaneous differentiation are pivotal for maintaining stable the IPEC-J2 cell population as well as for developing specific morphological and functional characteristics of distinct intestinal epithelial cell types, allowing for the exploration and the understanding of various functions within the intestinal monolayer. This thesis aims to characterize the IPEC-J2 cell line and to investigate its differentiation under controlled conditions and following the exposure to an interesting essential oil, i.e. thymol. Using cell culture systems on inserts, the assessment of targeted gene expression via quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR will highlight the constitutive expression of genes involved in the formation of a polarized monolayer with apical and basolateral compartments, and maintenance of an in vitro intestinal physical barrier, mimicking the gut epithelium. Furthermore, the potential effects of thymol on cell differentiation as well as on target genes constitutive expression will be investigated too, offering insights into its influence on intestinal epithelial layer integrity and function.
Le colture cellulari svolgono un ruolo cruciale nello screening farmacologico e tossicologico, facilitando la comprensione dei processi fisiologici in un ambiente controllato e standardizzato, sostenendo al contempo standard etici e riducendo la necessità dei test sugli animali. La linea cellulare IPEC-J2, derivata da cellule epiteliali intestinali suine, è un modello ben consolidato dell’epitelio intestinale umano a singolo strato e polarizzato, grazie alla sua capacità di meglio replicare le condizioni in vivo dell'intestino sia animale che umano rispetto alle analoghe linee cellulari di topo. Inoltre, a differenza delle comunemente utilizzate linee cellulari intestinali derivate dal carcinoma del colon, e.g. la linea cellulare Caco-2, le cellule IPEC-J2 offrono un’alternativa non trasformata, mostrando la maggior parte delle caratteristiche degli enterociti maturi. Le cellule IPEC-J2 differenziate possono essere utilizzate per studiare le normali funzioni dell’epitelio intestinale e i meccanismi di citotossicità dei farmaci. Queste cellule sono particolarmente utili per valutare come diversi composti influenzano la permeabilità della barriera fisica e l’integrità delle strutture delle giunzioni strette. Alla luce di ciò, le capacità delle cellule di proliferare in modo controllato e di differenziare spontaneamente sono fondamentali per mantenere stabile la popolazione cellulare IPEC-J2, così come per permettere lo sviluppo di caratteristiche morfologiche e funzionali specifiche dei diversi tipi di cellule epiteliali intestinali, consentendo l’esplorazione e la comprensione delle varie funzioni del monostrato intestinale. Questa tesi si propone di caratterizzare la linea cellulare IPEC-J2 e di studiarne il processo di differenziazione sia in condizioni controllate che in seguito all’esposizione a un olio essenziale di interesse, i.e. il timolo. L’utilizzo di sistemi di coltura cellulare su inserti, insieme alla valutazione mirata dell’espressione genica tramite Real-Time RT-PCR quantitativa, permetterà di analizzare l’espressione costitutiva di geni coinvolti nella formazione di un monostrato polarizzato costituito di compartimenti apicale e basolaterale e nel mantenimento di una barriera fisica intestinale in vitro, imitando l’epitelio intestinale. Inoltre, saranno studiati anche i potenziali effetti del timolo sulla differenziazione cellulare e sull’espressione costitutiva dei geni target, fornendo informazioni sul suo impatto sull’integrità e sulla funzione dello strato epiteliale intestinale.
Investigating the time-dependent cell differentiation of the well-established porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2: the thymol essential oil as model compound
RINALDI, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Cell cultures play a crucial role in pharmaco-toxicological screening, facilitating the understanding of physiological processes in a controlled and standardized environment, while supporting ethical standards and minimizing the reliance on animal testing. The IPEC-J2 cell line, derived from porcine intestinal epithelial cells, is a well-established model of the human intestinal single-cell layer and polarized epithelium, due to its capacity to more closely mimic the in vivo conditions of both animal and human intestine when compared to analogous rodent cell lines. Furthermore, unlike the commonly used colon carcinoma-derived intestinal cell line, e.g. the Caco-2 cell line, the IPEC-J2 cells offer a non-transformed alternative, showing most of the characteristics of mature enterocytes. Differentiated IPEC-J2 cells can be used for studying ordinary intestinal epithelium functions and drug cytotoxicity mechanisms. They are particularly useful for assessing how different compounds impact the permeability of the physical barrier and the integrity of tight junction structures. In light of this, a controlled proliferation and a spontaneous differentiation are pivotal for maintaining stable the IPEC-J2 cell population as well as for developing specific morphological and functional characteristics of distinct intestinal epithelial cell types, allowing for the exploration and the understanding of various functions within the intestinal monolayer. This thesis aims to characterize the IPEC-J2 cell line and to investigate its differentiation under controlled conditions and following the exposure to an interesting essential oil, i.e. thymol. Using cell culture systems on inserts, the assessment of targeted gene expression via quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR will highlight the constitutive expression of genes involved in the formation of a polarized monolayer with apical and basolateral compartments, and maintenance of an in vitro intestinal physical barrier, mimicking the gut epithelium. Furthermore, the potential effects of thymol on cell differentiation as well as on target genes constitutive expression will be investigated too, offering insights into its influence on intestinal epithelial layer integrity and function.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74747