Challenges and Implications of Freedom Expression in Eritrea: A Study on Press Freedom

This master's thesis addresses the challenges and implications of freedom of expression in Eritrea, with a particular emphasis on press freedom. Eritrea, a country in the Horn of Africa, faces severe restrictions on freedom of expression, resulting in one of the most oppressive press freedom environments globally. This study examines the broader consequences of restricted press freedom on human rights and democratic processes in Eritrea and aims to understand the intricate challenges faced by journalists, media organizations, and civil society organizations in exercising their right to freedom of expression. The research highlights the limited availability of information due to government restrictions, relying heavily on reports from respected international organizations such as the United Nations, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews and legislative analysis, the study identifies key factors leading to the suppression of press freedom, such as censorship, intimidation, and persecution of media professionals. The impact of self-censorship and a fear-based mentality in the media sector are also significant obstacles to press freedom. The study explores the implications of restricted press freedom, highlighting its detrimental effects on public access to information, democratic processes, accountability, transparency, civil society, political participation, and overall societal development in Eritrea. Comparative examples provide a broader understanding of the challenges faced by the Eritrean press. Based on the findings, the thesis presents practical policy recommendations to promote press freedom in Eritrea, including legal reforms, institutional changes, and international actions aimed at protecting the right to freedom of expression. Emphasis is placed on the potential benefits of press freedom for human rights, democracy, and sustainable development in Eritrea. This research offers significant insights into the complex relationships surrounding the absence of freedom of expression and its consequences, deepening the understanding of press freedom and human rights in Eritrea. It serves as a valuable resource for the academic community, human rights advocates, and lawmakers seeking to address the issues faced by the Eritrean press and promote press freedom as a cornerstone of democracy and human rights.