Women in need of international protection and gender-based violence: the role of the Italian anti-violence network

This thesis investigates the role of the Italian anti-violence network in providing protection to women seeking asylum who have experienced gender-based violence (GBV). The study begins by outlining the complex challenges faced by these subjects, starting from their home countries, through their migration journeys, and upon their arrival in Italy. The background discussion highlights the violence encountered by women during migration via the Central Mediterranean and Balkan routes and the exploitation faced at the end of their journey in immigration centers and through labor. The second chapter is dedicated to the study of the legal and institutional frameworks governing international protection in international and European law, and assesses the Italian reception system's handling of violence against women. The analysis of the Italian asylum system suggests a gender-blind reality. The core of the research focuses on the Italian anti-violence system, specifically the organization and activities of Rete Di.Re’s shelters. The study explores how these shelters address the needs of women seeking asylum and their collaborative efforts with the national reception mechanism. A case study based on qualitative interviews with operators working in Italian anti-violence centers aims to provide in-depth insights into their experiences and practices. The thesis concludes with a summary of the findings and their implications for improving the support system for women asylum seekers facing GBV, stressing the need for a more gender-sensitive approach within the international protection and national reception systems.