Managing the Human Trafficking and the forced labor exploitation: the Italian case

The thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the multilevel governance mechanisms managing human trafficking and forced labor exploitation in Italy. The research investigates the interactions among local, regional, national, and international authorities, as well as non-governmental organizations, in coordinating anti-trafficking efforts. It aims to uncover the challenges, gaps, and inefficiencies within these governance frameworks and offer evidence-based policy recommendations to improve Italy's response to these crimes. The study is guided by the question: How does multilevel governance in Italy affect the management and eradication of human trafficking and forced labor exploitation, and what are the key challenges and opportunities for improving these governance structures? Through an analysis of reports from international bodies such as GRETA, statistical data from ISTAT, and insights from policy debates and helpline data, the thesis examines how these various actors interact to combat trafficking and exploitation. Key findings include an exploration of the strengths and weaknesses in Italy's current anti-trafficking system, with specific attention given to legislative measures, the National Anti-Trafficking Plan, and the Caporalato framework. By analyzing Italy's multilevel governance in the European context, the research highlights the importance of coordination across actors and levels.