Taking care of a minor, as a relationship between individuals, involves the exchange of both positive and negative aspects inherent to the interacting parties. There is much research in the literature that has dealt with the quality of care for parents, but other studies highlight how operators can also play the role of real attachment figures (Simonelli, 2014; Howes et al., 1998). In this sense, the quality of care and risk factors for these populations must be further investigated, particularly among operators who deal with populations most at risk, such as minors with behavioral problems or histories of maltreatment. The caring role examined can in fact be considered a risk factor linked to the emergence of aspects including burnout or secondary traumatic stress, characteristics widely investigated in these populations and often linked to work aspects and less conceptualized in light of the impact that may have with respect to the quality of care (Guy, 1987). As regards caring skills more specifically, numerous studies have also investigated the role of executive functions in the ways in which parents take care of their children (Papazoglou et al., 2019; Leiter et al., 1998 ); however, none of these have focused on the role of care among workers who deal with minors. The objective of the following work is to investigate, within the population, the quality of professional life, expressed both in its areas of resilience (compassion satisfaction) and in relation to risk factors (burnout and secondary traumatic stress) and the functions executive by comparing the constructs described above in a population that deals daily with minors with traumatic life histories (for this reason defined as a "high risk group"), and in a population in which operators are differently in contact with minors within contexts early childhood education (“low-risk groups”). In detail, the first chapter focuses on the definition of the quality of life of educators in child care contexts; how caring for such minors can bring out experiences of secondary trauma, burnout and compassion fatigue in them. Possible protection factors from vicarious trauma are presented and the presence of a further aspect found in the literature in operators: the pleasure deriving from taking care (compassion satisfaction). The second chapter outlines the construct of the parental functions that a caregiver is called upon to carry out with the minor he or she takes care of and how any stressful events can interfere with the caring activities, as well as having a direct impact on the executive functions (of the caregiver ). To the extent that the educator in care contexts carries out a primarily parental function, a relationship is hypothesized between the caregiver function of parents and professional figures. The third chapter describes the method of the research carried out, in particular the hypotheses and objectives, the participants, the tools that were chosen and used and the statistical analyzes conducted are specified. The fourth chapter presents the results emerging from the statistical analyses. In the fifth and final chapter, the results of the work, limitations and future prospects are discussed, as well as possible application implications of the results obtained.
Prendersi cura di un minore, in quanto relazione tra individui, prevede l’interscambio di aspetti sia positivi che negativi inerenti alle parti in interazione. In letteratura sono molte le ricerche che si sono occupate della qualità delle cure nei genitori, ma altri studi evidenziano come anche gli operatori possano ricoprire il ruolo di vere e proprie figure di attaccamento (Simonelli, 2014; Howes et al., 1998). In tal senso la qualità delle cure e i fattori di rischio per tali popolazioni vanno ulteriormente indagate, in modo particolare tra gli operatori che si occupano di popolazioni maggiormente a rischio, quali minori con problematiche comportamentali o storie di maltrattamento alle spalle. Il ruolo di cura preso in esame può infatti essere considerato un fattore di rischio legato all’emergere di aspetti tra cui burnout o stress traumatico secondario, caratteristiche ampiamente indagate in tali popolazioni e spesso collegate ad aspetti lavorativi e meno concettualizzate alla luce dell’impatto che possono avere rispetto alla qualità delle cure (Guy, 1987). Per quanto riguarda le competenze di cura più nello specifico, numerose ricerche hanno inoltre indagato il ruolo delle funzioni esecutive all’interno delle modalità con cui i genitori si prendono cura dei propri figli (Papazoglou et al.,2019; Leiter et al.,1998 ); tuttavia nessuno di questi si è focalizzato sul ruolo della cura tra gli operatori che si occupano di minori. L’obiettivo del seguente lavoro è quello di indagare, all’interno della popolazione, la qualità di vita professionale, declinata sia nelle sue aree di resilienza (compassion satisfaction) che rispetto ai fattori di rischio (burnout e stress traumatico secondario) e le funzioni esecutive confrontando i costrutti sopradescritti in una popolazione che si occupa quotidianamente di minori con storie di vita traumatiche (per questo definiti “gruppo ad alto rischio”), e in una popolazione in cui differentemente gli operatori sono a contatto con minori all’interno di contesti educativi per l’infanzia (“gruppi a basso rischio”). Nel dettaglio, il primo capitolo si focalizza sulla definizione della qualità di vita di educatori in contesti di cura per minori; come il prendersi cura di tali minori possa far emergere vissuti di trauma secondario, burnout e compassione fatigue negli stessi. Vengono presentati possibili fattori di protezione dal trauma vicario e la presenza di un ulteriore aspetto riscontrato dalla letteratura negli operatori: il piacere derivante dal prendersi cura (compassion satisfaction). Il secondo capitolo delinea il costrutto delle funzioni genitoriali che un caregiver è chiamato a svolgere con il minore di cui si occupa e di come eventuali eventi stressanti possano interferire con le attività del prendersi cura, oltre che avere un risvoltò diretto sulle funzioni esecutive (del caregiver). Nella misura in cui l’educatore in contesti di cura svolge una funzione primariamente genitoriale, viene ipotizzata una relazione tra la funzione di caregiver dei genitori e delle figure professionali. Nel terzo capitolo è descritto il metodo della ricerca svolta, in particolare ne vengono specificate le ipotesi e gli obiettivi, i partecipanti, gli strumenti che sono stati scelti e utilizzati e le analisi statistiche condotte. Nel quarto capitolo vengono esposti i risultati emersi dalle analisi statistiche. Nel quinto ed ultimo capitolo, sono discussi i risultati del lavoro, limiti e prospettive future, così come possibili risvolti applicativi dei risultati ottenuti.
La qualità della vita professionale e il funzionamento esecutivo negli operatori che si occupano di minori in condizioni ad alto e a basso rischio
COLOMBINO, ILARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Taking care of a minor, as a relationship between individuals, involves the exchange of both positive and negative aspects inherent to the interacting parties. There is much research in the literature that has dealt with the quality of care for parents, but other studies highlight how operators can also play the role of real attachment figures (Simonelli, 2014; Howes et al., 1998). In this sense, the quality of care and risk factors for these populations must be further investigated, particularly among operators who deal with populations most at risk, such as minors with behavioral problems or histories of maltreatment. The caring role examined can in fact be considered a risk factor linked to the emergence of aspects including burnout or secondary traumatic stress, characteristics widely investigated in these populations and often linked to work aspects and less conceptualized in light of the impact that may have with respect to the quality of care (Guy, 1987). As regards caring skills more specifically, numerous studies have also investigated the role of executive functions in the ways in which parents take care of their children (Papazoglou et al., 2019; Leiter et al., 1998 ); however, none of these have focused on the role of care among workers who deal with minors. The objective of the following work is to investigate, within the population, the quality of professional life, expressed both in its areas of resilience (compassion satisfaction) and in relation to risk factors (burnout and secondary traumatic stress) and the functions executive by comparing the constructs described above in a population that deals daily with minors with traumatic life histories (for this reason defined as a "high risk group"), and in a population in which operators are differently in contact with minors within contexts early childhood education (“low-risk groups”). In detail, the first chapter focuses on the definition of the quality of life of educators in child care contexts; how caring for such minors can bring out experiences of secondary trauma, burnout and compassion fatigue in them. Possible protection factors from vicarious trauma are presented and the presence of a further aspect found in the literature in operators: the pleasure deriving from taking care (compassion satisfaction). The second chapter outlines the construct of the parental functions that a caregiver is called upon to carry out with the minor he or she takes care of and how any stressful events can interfere with the caring activities, as well as having a direct impact on the executive functions (of the caregiver ). To the extent that the educator in care contexts carries out a primarily parental function, a relationship is hypothesized between the caregiver function of parents and professional figures. The third chapter describes the method of the research carried out, in particular the hypotheses and objectives, the participants, the tools that were chosen and used and the statistical analyzes conducted are specified. The fourth chapter presents the results emerging from the statistical analyses. In the fifth and final chapter, the results of the work, limitations and future prospects are discussed, as well as possible application implications of the results obtained.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75205