Patients with epilepsy are characterised by an altered synaptic balance between excitation and inhibition and its measurement could have significant clinical relevance, also in the neuropsychological field. In fact, it has been hypothesized that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying epilepsy, i.e. the altered synaptic balance between neurons from which epileptic seizures originate, may be useful in the investigation of the neuropsychological profile of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. In this study, resting-state activity was recorded via high-density EEG in 65 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 35 control individuals. The exponent of the aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum was extracted as a non-invasive indicator of synaptic balance, and differences between patients and controls were analyzed. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation between the exponent and the clinical variables was assessed, mainly focusing on neuropsychological scores. The results showed significant differences in the exponent between patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and controls, indicating greater inhibition in bilateral frontal and temporal regions in the patients. Furthermore, a reduced synaptic balance between excitation and inhibition in the left entorhinal cortex and bilateral prefrontal dorsolateral cortices was associated with poorer performance in verbal short-term memory. These findings underline the association between pathophysiological mechanisms of the disorder and the neuropsychological alterations typical of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
I pazienti con epilessia presentano un equilibrio sinaptico alterato tra eccitazione ed inibizione, la cui misura potrebbe avere una rilevanza clinica significativa, anche in ambito neuropsicologico. Infatti, è stato ipotizzato che il meccanismo fisiopatologico alla base dell'epilessia, ossia l'alterato equilibrio sinaptico tra neuroni da cui le crisi epilettiche hanno origine, possa rivelarsi utile per lo studio del profilo neuropsicologico che i pazienti con epilessia del lobo temporale presentano. In questo studio, è stata registrata l'attività a riposo tramite EEG ad alta densità su 65 pazienti con epilessia del lobo temporale e 35 individui di controllo. L'esponente della componente aperiodica dello spettro di potenza dell'EEG è stato estratto come indicatore non invasivo del bilanciamento sinaptico e sono state analizzate le differenze tra pazienti e controlli. Successivamente, è stata valutata la correlazione di Spearman tra l'esponente e le variabili cliniche, con un focus particolare sulle variabili neuropsicologiche. I risultati hanno mostrato una differenza significativa nell'esponente tra i pazienti con epilessia del lobo temporale e i controlli, indicando una maggiore inibizione nelle regioni frontali e temporali bilaterali nei pazienti. Inoltre, un equilibrio sinaptico ridotto tra eccitazione e inibizione nella corteccia entorinale sinistra e nelle cortecce dorsolaterali prefrontali bilaterali era associato a una performance inferiore nella memoria verbale a breve termine. Questi risultati sottolineano l'associazione tra meccanismi fisiopatologici alla base del disturbo e le alterazioni neuropsicologiche che caratterizzano i pazienti con epilessia del lobo temporale.
La relazione tra equilibrio sinaptico e funzionamento neuropsicologico nell'epilessia del lobo temporale
SALVATICI, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy are characterised by an altered synaptic balance between excitation and inhibition and its measurement could have significant clinical relevance, also in the neuropsychological field. In fact, it has been hypothesized that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying epilepsy, i.e. the altered synaptic balance between neurons from which epileptic seizures originate, may be useful in the investigation of the neuropsychological profile of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. In this study, resting-state activity was recorded via high-density EEG in 65 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 35 control individuals. The exponent of the aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum was extracted as a non-invasive indicator of synaptic balance, and differences between patients and controls were analyzed. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation between the exponent and the clinical variables was assessed, mainly focusing on neuropsychological scores. The results showed significant differences in the exponent between patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and controls, indicating greater inhibition in bilateral frontal and temporal regions in the patients. Furthermore, a reduced synaptic balance between excitation and inhibition in the left entorhinal cortex and bilateral prefrontal dorsolateral cortices was associated with poorer performance in verbal short-term memory. These findings underline the association between pathophysiological mechanisms of the disorder and the neuropsychological alterations typical of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75312