The following industrial discussion presents the design procedure for a high-head centrifugal pump intended for fluids containing highly abrasive suspended particles. After an initial section describing the characteristics of this type of machinery, the sectors in which they are applied are illustrated, and the main types of pumps for suspended solids are reported. A preliminary market analysis is then conducted to understand the operating conditions in terms of flow rate and head. From this analysis, it emerges that the design data in question, derived from corporate needs, significantly deviates from these operating conditions, making the machine innovative and without known precedents. Therefore, the choice of fluid volume does not rely on existing geometries but requires modeling it from scratch. In this regard, after illustrating the wear process caused by the abrasive particles suspended in the liquid and the main materials selected for this type of machinery, the classic one-dimensional method for preliminary sizing of a centrifugal pump is initially followed, before introducing the modifications resulting from the need for a solid passage of 30 mm. At this point, an iterative procedure for modeling the geometry of the fluid volume of the impeller is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics simulation software Ansys CFX. Five different geometries are proposed and compared in terms of efficiency, head, and cavitation behavior. Once the most satisfactory impeller geometry is selected, the modeling of the volute begins, and the numerical calculation of the overall performance of the machine is performed. With the fluid geometry of the impeller and volute established, it is now possible to cover the latter and proceed with the mechanical design of the rest of the centrifugal pump. The various constitutive elements are sized and analyzed, emphasizing the reasons for each design choice. Finally, the possible future developments of this project are illustrated, which could lead to replacing a series of pumps with a single machine in cases where the operating fluid contains abrasive particles of a certain size.
La seguente trattazione di carattere industriale riporta la procedura di progettazione di una pompa centrifuga ad alta prevalenza per fluidi contenenti particelle in sospensione fortemente abrasive. Dopo una sezione iniziale in cui si descrivono le caratteristiche di questo tipo di macchine, si illustrano i settori nei quali queste trovano applicazione e vengono riportate le principali tipologie di pompe per solidi sospesi, si passa ad un'analisi preliminare di mercato per comprenderne le condizioni operative offerte dal punto di vista della portata e della prevalenza. Da questa analisi emerge che i dati progettuali in questione, derivanti da esigenze aziendali, si discostano fortemente da queste condizioni operative, rendendo la macchina innovativa e priva di precedenti noti. La scelta del volume fluido, dunque, non trova appoggio in geometrie esistenti bensì è necessario modellare quest'ultima da zero. A tal riguardo, dopo aver illustrato il processo di usura a carico delle particelle abrasive in sospensione nel liquido e i principali materiali selezionati per questo tipo di macchine, si segue inizialmente il metodo monodimensionale classico di predimensionamento di una pompa centrifuga, per poi introdurre le modifiche derivanti dalla necessità di un passaggio solido di 30 mm. A questo punto, si prosegue con una procedura iterativa di modellazione della geometria del volume fluido della girante con l'ausilio del software di simulazione fluidodinamica Ansys CFX. Si propongono 5 geometrie differenti che vengono confrontate dal punto di vista del rendimento, della prevalenza e del comportamento a cavitazione. Una volta selezionata la geometria della girante più soddisfacente, si procede con la modellazione della voluta e con il calcolo numerico delle prestazioni complessive della macchina. Avendo la geometria fluida di girante e voluta è possibile ora rivestire quest'ultima e passare alla progettazione meccanica del resto della pompa centrifuga. Si dimensionano e si analizzano, dunque, i vari elementi costitutivi sottolineando le motivazioni di ogni scelta progettuale. Infine si illustrano i possibili sviluppi futuri di questo progetto, che può portare a sostituire un sistema di pompe in serie con una singola macchina, in casi in cui il fluido operativo contenga particelle abrasive di una certa dimensione.
Progettazione e analisi numerica di una pompa ad alta prevalenza per liquidi pesanti
TALAMINI, MATTEO
2023/2024
Abstract
The following industrial discussion presents the design procedure for a high-head centrifugal pump intended for fluids containing highly abrasive suspended particles. After an initial section describing the characteristics of this type of machinery, the sectors in which they are applied are illustrated, and the main types of pumps for suspended solids are reported. A preliminary market analysis is then conducted to understand the operating conditions in terms of flow rate and head. From this analysis, it emerges that the design data in question, derived from corporate needs, significantly deviates from these operating conditions, making the machine innovative and without known precedents. Therefore, the choice of fluid volume does not rely on existing geometries but requires modeling it from scratch. In this regard, after illustrating the wear process caused by the abrasive particles suspended in the liquid and the main materials selected for this type of machinery, the classic one-dimensional method for preliminary sizing of a centrifugal pump is initially followed, before introducing the modifications resulting from the need for a solid passage of 30 mm. At this point, an iterative procedure for modeling the geometry of the fluid volume of the impeller is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics simulation software Ansys CFX. Five different geometries are proposed and compared in terms of efficiency, head, and cavitation behavior. Once the most satisfactory impeller geometry is selected, the modeling of the volute begins, and the numerical calculation of the overall performance of the machine is performed. With the fluid geometry of the impeller and volute established, it is now possible to cover the latter and proceed with the mechanical design of the rest of the centrifugal pump. The various constitutive elements are sized and analyzed, emphasizing the reasons for each design choice. Finally, the possible future developments of this project are illustrated, which could lead to replacing a series of pumps with a single machine in cases where the operating fluid contains abrasive particles of a certain size.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75369