Aim of the Study: Preoperative identification of epithelial-mesenchymal histological discordance in pleural mesothelioma may prevent unnecessary surgery. This study aims to identify predictors of histological discordance after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, based on the fact that patients with non-epithelioid mesothelioma after radical surgery have a worse prognosis and thus might benefit from alternative treatments. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 138 patients who underwent radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pleural mesothelioma between January 2013 and December 2023. Preoperative data, including disease burden, pulmonary function tests, maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) and metabolic response assessed by 18FDG PET/CT after chemotherapy were collected. Results: Histological discordance between preoperative assessment and postoperative histological diagnosis was found in 21 of 138 patients (15%). Discordance was not associated with a less invasive method of biopsy (p = 0.20), but it was significantly associated with decreased total lung capacity (p = 0.015), increased SUV max after chemotherapy (p = 0.002) and metabolic progression (p < 0.001). Overall survival was significantly reduced for patients who exhibited discordance compared to those who did not: 15 months (95% CI: 12-31) versus 27 months (95% CI: 21-37) (p = 0,0013). On multivariate analysis, preoperative disease burden emerged as the only significant predictor of survival (HR: 1.02, CI: 1.01-1.03, p <0.001). Conclusions: The preoperative identification of pleural mesotheliomas with non-epithelioid histology makes it possible to avoid demolitive surgery and accelerate the initiation of different medical therapies, such as immunotherapy. Our findings suggest that preoperative assessment of metabolic response and lung capacity may serve as valuable predictors of histological discordance. In such cases, a new pre-surgical biopsy may be warranted to re-evaluate the patient's histological profile. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize the selection of candidate patients for surgery.
Scopo dello Studio: Scopo del nostro studio retrospettivo monocentrico è di individuare possibili fattori clinici e radiologici predittivi di una discordanza istologica epitelio-mesenchimale dopo trattamento chemioterapico ad intento neoadiuvante nei pazienti con mesotelioma pleurico, partendo dall’osservazione empirica che pazienti con diagnosi di mesotelioma non epitelioide dopo chirurgia radicale presentano prognosi infausta e potrebbero quindi essere candidati ad altre tipologie di trattamento. Materiali e Metodi: Da Gennaio 2013 a Dicembre 2023, presso il nostro Centro 174 pazienti affetti da mesotelioma pleurico sono stati sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico nell’ambito di un trattamento multimodale. Di questi, sono stati inclusi nello studio, pazienti sottoposti a chemioterapia neoadiuvante e ad intervento chirurgico radicale ottenendo una popolazione finale di 138 pazienti. Risultati: La discordanza istologica è stata riscontrata in 21 pazienti (15%) con diagnosi iniziale di mesotelioma epitelioide e definitiva su pezzo chirurgico di mesotelioma bifasico o sarcomatoide (rispettivamente in 20 e 1 casi), mentre 117 pazienti presentavano concordanza istologica epitelioide. La discordanza epitelio-mesenchimale non era associata a un metodo di biopsia meno invasivo (p = 0,24), ma era significativamente associata a variabili preoperatorie come una capacità polmonare totale ridotta (p = 0.015), un valore di SUV max post chemioterapia elevato (p = 0.002) e ad una progressione metabolica alla PET/TC FDG dopo chemioterapia di induzione (p < 0.001).La sopravvivenza complessiva è stata significativamente ridotta nei pazienti che hanno mostrato discordanza rispetto a quelli che non la presentavano: 15 mesi (95% CI: 12 – 31) contro 27 mesi (95% CI: 21 – 37) (p = 0,0013). Nell'analisi multivariata, solo il carico di malattia preoperatoria è emerso come fattore predittivo significativo della sopravvivenza (HR: 1.02, CI: 1.01-1.03, p <0.001). Conclusioni: L’identificazione preoperatoria di mesoteliomi pleurici ad istologia non epitelioide permette di evitare interventi chirurgici demolitivi e accelerare l’avvio a terapie mediche differenti, come l’immunoterapia. Il nostro studio ha evidenziato che la risposta metabolica alla PET/TC con FDG, insieme a parametri clinici come una capacità polmonare totale ridotta possono essere un utile strumento per sospettare una discordanza istologica in caso di diagnosi preoperatoria di istologia epitelioide. In tali casi, potrebbe essere giustificata una nuova biopsia pre-chirurgica per rivalutare il profilo istologico del paziente. Ulteriori studi prospettici sono necessari per confermare questi risultati e ottimizzare la selezione dei pazienti candidati alla chirurgia.
Analisi retrospettiva dei fattori predittivi di discordanza istologica epitelio-mesenchimale dopo chemioterapia neoadiuvante nel mesotelioma pleurico
ZAMBELLO, GIOVANNI
2022/2023
Abstract
Aim of the Study: Preoperative identification of epithelial-mesenchymal histological discordance in pleural mesothelioma may prevent unnecessary surgery. This study aims to identify predictors of histological discordance after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, based on the fact that patients with non-epithelioid mesothelioma after radical surgery have a worse prognosis and thus might benefit from alternative treatments. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 138 patients who underwent radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pleural mesothelioma between January 2013 and December 2023. Preoperative data, including disease burden, pulmonary function tests, maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) and metabolic response assessed by 18FDG PET/CT after chemotherapy were collected. Results: Histological discordance between preoperative assessment and postoperative histological diagnosis was found in 21 of 138 patients (15%). Discordance was not associated with a less invasive method of biopsy (p = 0.20), but it was significantly associated with decreased total lung capacity (p = 0.015), increased SUV max after chemotherapy (p = 0.002) and metabolic progression (p < 0.001). Overall survival was significantly reduced for patients who exhibited discordance compared to those who did not: 15 months (95% CI: 12-31) versus 27 months (95% CI: 21-37) (p = 0,0013). On multivariate analysis, preoperative disease burden emerged as the only significant predictor of survival (HR: 1.02, CI: 1.01-1.03, p <0.001). Conclusions: The preoperative identification of pleural mesotheliomas with non-epithelioid histology makes it possible to avoid demolitive surgery and accelerate the initiation of different medical therapies, such as immunotherapy. Our findings suggest that preoperative assessment of metabolic response and lung capacity may serve as valuable predictors of histological discordance. In such cases, a new pre-surgical biopsy may be warranted to re-evaluate the patient's histological profile. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize the selection of candidate patients for surgery.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75642