Introduction: Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are bony or chondral avulsions of the tibial plateau in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion. These injuries are rare, with an incidence of approximately 3 per 100,000 annually, but recent years have shown a rising trend. Most studies focus on pediatric patients and the various treatment techniques, while limited research examines the entire population to evaluate long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess a population of patients with tibial spine fractures, including pediatric (<18 years) and adult (>18 years) patients, by classifying fracture types and evaluating treatment modalities, functional outcomes, return to sport, and associated complications. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 36 patients, aged 7 to 58 years, treated at two centers for tibial spine fractures between 2011 and 2024. Patients received either conservative or surgical management. Diagnostic data, treatment strategies, and medium- to long-term functional outcomes were evaluated in pediatric and adult populations. Outcome measures were obtained using validated assessment tools, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Special attention was given to patient age, surgical techniques, fracture severity, associated injuries, and complications. Results: Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences regarding fracture severity, treatment approach, fixation methods, or type of trauma. However, significant differences were observed between pediatric patients (IKDC 91.10; Lysholm 90.07; KOOS 89.29) and adults (IKDC 67.98; Lysholm 78.38; KOOS 74.81), with a p-value < 0.01. Furthermore, significant differences were identified between patients with isolated fractures (IKDC 81.77; Lysholm 86.33; KOOS 85.50) and those with associated injuries (IKDC 70.62; Lysholm 80.76; KOOS 76.29), as well as between patients without complications (IKDC 72.34; Lysholm 83.12; KOOS 79.94) and those who developed joint stiffness (IKDC 63.95; Lysholm 72.70; KOOS 67.90), with p < 0.05. The timing of surgical intervention, whether performed within 5 days or after, did not significantly influence complication rates (42% vs 45%, p-value = 0.68) or functional outcomes (IKDC 76.18/78.16; Lysholm 83.50/83.23; KOOS 82.05/81.62). Conclusions: This study highlights that patient age, presence of associated injuries, and post-operative joint stiffness significantly affect functional outcomes and return to sports in patients with tibial spine fractures. These findings emphasize the importance of accurate, individualized diagnosis and the need for early mobilization to reduce the risk of complications such as arthrofibrosis.
Introduzione: Le fratture della spina tibiale (TSF) sono avulsioni ossee o condrali del piatto tibiale nell’area di inserzione del legamento crociato anteriore (LCA). Si tratta di una lesione rara (3 casi su 100.000 all'anno), la cui incidenza è in aumento negli ultimi anni. Molti studi si concentrano sui pazienti pediatrici e sulle diverse tecniche di trattamento, mentre pochi analizzano l'intera popolazione per valutare i risultati funzionali a lungo termine. Lo scopo di questo studio è analizzare una popolazione di pazienti con frattura dell’eminenza tibiale, comprendente sia pazienti pediatrici (under 18) che adulti (over 18), classificando i vari tipi di fratture, valutando i trattamenti, i risultati funzionali, il ritorno allo sport e le complicanze. Materiali e Metodi: Questo studio retrospettivo è stato condotto su 36 pazienti, con età compresa tra i 7 e i 58 anni, trattati presso due centri tra il 2011 e il 2024 per fratture della spina tibiale. I pazienti sono stati trattati sia in modo conservativo che chirurgicamente. Sono stati valutati la diagnosi, il trattamento e i risultati funzionali a medio e lungo termine, suddividendo i pazienti in gruppi pediatrici e adulti. La valutazione è stata effettuata tramite questionari (IKDC, Lysholm score, KOOS), con particolare attenzione all’età, agli esiti delle diverse tecniche chirurgiche, alla gravità delle fratture, alla presenza di lesioni associate e alle complicanze. Risultati: L’analisi non ha rilevato differenze statisticamente significative in termini di gravità della lesione, tipo di approccio, mezzi di sintesi e tipologia di trauma. Tuttavia, sono emerse differenze significative tra la popolazione pediatrica (IKDC 91,10; Lysholm score 90,07; KOOS 89,29) e quella adulta (IKDC 67,98; Lysholm 78,38; KOOS 74,81). Differenze statisticamente significative sono state riscontrate anche tra pazienti con fratture isolate (IKDC 81,77; Lysholm 86,33; KOOS 85,50) e pazienti con lesioni associate (IKDC 70,62; Lysholm 80,76; KOOS 76,29), così come tra pazienti senza complicanze (IKDC 72,34; Lysholm 83,12; KOOS 79,94) e pazienti con rigidità articolare (IKDC 63,95; Lysholm 72,70; KOOS 67,90) con p < 0,05. Il tempismo dell’intervento (entro 5 giorni o dopo 5 giorni) non ha mostrato un impatto significativo sul numero di complicanze (42% vs 45%, p-value = 0,68) né sui risultati funzionali (IKDC 76,18/78,16; Lysholm 83,50/83,23; KOOS 82,05/81,62). Conclusioni: Il nostro studio evidenzia come l'età, la presenza di lesioni associate e la rigidità articolare post-intervento influenzino significativamente i risultati funzionali e il ritorno all’attività sportiva nei pazienti con fratture della spina tibiale. Questi dati sottolineano l'importanza di una diagnosi accurata e personalizzata, così come la necessità di una mobilizzazione precoce per minimizzare il rischio di complicanze, come l’artrofibrosi.
Trattamento e risultati delle fratture dell'eminenza tibiale nei pazienti pediatrici e adulti : uno studio retrospettivo
ALDRIGHETTI, LEONARDO
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are bony or chondral avulsions of the tibial plateau in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion. These injuries are rare, with an incidence of approximately 3 per 100,000 annually, but recent years have shown a rising trend. Most studies focus on pediatric patients and the various treatment techniques, while limited research examines the entire population to evaluate long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess a population of patients with tibial spine fractures, including pediatric (<18 years) and adult (>18 years) patients, by classifying fracture types and evaluating treatment modalities, functional outcomes, return to sport, and associated complications. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 36 patients, aged 7 to 58 years, treated at two centers for tibial spine fractures between 2011 and 2024. Patients received either conservative or surgical management. Diagnostic data, treatment strategies, and medium- to long-term functional outcomes were evaluated in pediatric and adult populations. Outcome measures were obtained using validated assessment tools, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Special attention was given to patient age, surgical techniques, fracture severity, associated injuries, and complications. Results: Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences regarding fracture severity, treatment approach, fixation methods, or type of trauma. However, significant differences were observed between pediatric patients (IKDC 91.10; Lysholm 90.07; KOOS 89.29) and adults (IKDC 67.98; Lysholm 78.38; KOOS 74.81), with a p-value < 0.01. Furthermore, significant differences were identified between patients with isolated fractures (IKDC 81.77; Lysholm 86.33; KOOS 85.50) and those with associated injuries (IKDC 70.62; Lysholm 80.76; KOOS 76.29), as well as between patients without complications (IKDC 72.34; Lysholm 83.12; KOOS 79.94) and those who developed joint stiffness (IKDC 63.95; Lysholm 72.70; KOOS 67.90), with p < 0.05. The timing of surgical intervention, whether performed within 5 days or after, did not significantly influence complication rates (42% vs 45%, p-value = 0.68) or functional outcomes (IKDC 76.18/78.16; Lysholm 83.50/83.23; KOOS 82.05/81.62). Conclusions: This study highlights that patient age, presence of associated injuries, and post-operative joint stiffness significantly affect functional outcomes and return to sports in patients with tibial spine fractures. These findings emphasize the importance of accurate, individualized diagnosis and the need for early mobilization to reduce the risk of complications such as arthrofibrosis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75662