Background: soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of uncommon neoplasms of mesenchymal origin with a frequently changing localization (usually they arise in the ex-tremities). They are malignant and aggressive neoplasms that can cause distant metastasis and local recurrence. Nowadays, the multidisciplinary treatment that comprehends surgery and radiotherapy is the gold standard. In literature, there are studies with contrasting results about the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Purpose of the study: the goal of the study was to analyze patients treated for high grade soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs to assess the different protocols of treatment and their ef-fectiveness. Materials and methods: the study involved 96 patients (35 females and 61 males) treated at the Orthopedic Department of Padova for soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs between 2015 and 2023. The average age at diagnosis was 61 years and the tumor grew most frequently in the thigh (50% of patients). Results: Analyzing the gathered data, it was found that, after 5 and 7 years from the diag-nosis, patients had an overall survival rate of 75%. They had a disease-free survival rate of 48% after 5 years and of 20% after 7 years from the diagnosis. The study showed that pa-tients who had a metastatic disease since the diagnosis usually had a worse prognosis (with statistical significance: p<0.0001). It also emerged that patients who were treated with ad-juvant therapies had a better survival (not with statistical significance: p=0.3701) then the ones who were only treated surgically. In the analyzed population, 17.7% of patients de-veloped distant metastases after the diagnosis and 14.6% developed a local recurrence in-stead. 36.5% of patients had post-operative complications of which 42.9% were infections. 54.7% of patients had a shrinkage of the tumor after the preoperative therapies. Specifically, the 30.8% of the ones who were only treated with radiotherapy had a shrinkage. Conclusions: it’s crucial to treat patients with soft tissue sarcomas in specialized Centers. These patients need a careful diagnostic process and a multidisciplinary approach to have the best chances of survival. The variations in tumor volume, before and after the therapies, are usually small and are mostly due to necrosis and aedema. The gold standard treatment for soft tissue sarcomas includes surgery with wide surgical margins and radiotherapy. Nowadays the same chemotherapy drugs are used in all patients, but this strategy lessens the effectiveness of the treatment. It is necessary to conduct more studies to develop different pharmacological treatments for different histotypes of soft tissue sarcomas
Background: i sarcomi dei tessuti molli sono un insieme eterogeneo di neoplasie rare ad origine mesenchimale, frequentemente localizzati alle estremità. Sono neoplasie maligne aggressive che hanno una grande capacità di recidivare localmente e metastatizzare. Il trat-tamento attualmente più supportato dall’evidenza scientifica è quello multidisciplinare che prevede l’associazione di chirurgia e radioterapia. Per quanto riguarda il ruolo della che-mioterapia, in letteratura sono presenti studi contrastanti riguardo ai suoi benefici. Scopo dello studio: analizzare i pazienti trattati per sarcomi dei tessuti molli ad alto grado degli arti, valutando i tipi e l’efficacia del trattamento. Materiali e metodi: sono stati analizzati 96 pazienti (35 femmine e 61 maschi) trattati pres-so la Clinica Ortopedica di Padova per sarcoma dei tessuti molli degli arti fra il 2015 ed il 2023. L’età media alla diagnosi era di 61 anni e la localizzazione più frequente della neo-plasia è stata a livello della coscia (50% dei pazienti). Risultati: analizzando i dati raccolti è emerso che la sopravvivenza globale dei pazienti è stata del 75% sia a 5 sia a 7 anni dalla diagnosi. La sopravvivenza libera da malattia è stata, invece, del 48% a 5 anni e del 20% a 7 anni dalla diagnosi. Dallo studio svolto è emerso che i pazienti, che alla diagnosi presentavano una malattia metastatica, hanno avuto pro-gnosi significativamente peggiore (p<0.0001). Si è notato inoltre che coloro che sono stati sottoposti a terapie adiuvanti hanno avuto una sopravvivenza maggiore (anche se in modo non statisticamente significativo) rispetto a coloro che hanno fatto solamente trattamento chirurgico (p=0.3701). Nella popolazione in analisi, il 17.7% dei pazienti ha sviluppato me-tastasi, mentre il 14.6% recidiva locale. Nel 36.5% dei casi si sono osservate complicanze post-operatorie di cui il 42.9% sono state infezioni. Con le terapie preoperatorie, il 54.7% dei pazienti ha avuto una riduzione del volume della neoplasia; nello specifico, con la sola radioterapia, si è ottenuta una riduzione del volume nel 30.8% dei casi. Conclusioni: è fondamentale un centro specializzato per trattare i pazienti con sarcomi dei tessuti molli; sono necessari, infatti, un approfondito processo di diagnosi ed una terapia multidisciplinare per garantire la miglior prognosi. Le variazioni dei volumi neoplastici, che si osservano tra prima e dopo le terapie, spesso sono limitate e da attribuire principalmente ai fenomeni di necrosi e edema a cui va incontro la massa trattata. La chirurgia con margini ampi e la radioterapia restano il gold standard per il trattamento di queste patologie. Attual-mente si tendono ad utilizzare i medesimi farmaci chemioterapici per quasi tutti gli istotipi, aspetto che sembra impattare negativamente sulla loro efficacia. Sono necessari ulteriori studi per riuscire ad individuare delle terapie farmacologiche specifiche per i diversi istotipi di sarcoma da trattare.
Il trattamento dei sarcomi dei tessuti molli degli arti: l’esperienza della Clinica Ortopedica di Padova
SARDELLA, GUGLIELMO
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of uncommon neoplasms of mesenchymal origin with a frequently changing localization (usually they arise in the ex-tremities). They are malignant and aggressive neoplasms that can cause distant metastasis and local recurrence. Nowadays, the multidisciplinary treatment that comprehends surgery and radiotherapy is the gold standard. In literature, there are studies with contrasting results about the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Purpose of the study: the goal of the study was to analyze patients treated for high grade soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs to assess the different protocols of treatment and their ef-fectiveness. Materials and methods: the study involved 96 patients (35 females and 61 males) treated at the Orthopedic Department of Padova for soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs between 2015 and 2023. The average age at diagnosis was 61 years and the tumor grew most frequently in the thigh (50% of patients). Results: Analyzing the gathered data, it was found that, after 5 and 7 years from the diag-nosis, patients had an overall survival rate of 75%. They had a disease-free survival rate of 48% after 5 years and of 20% after 7 years from the diagnosis. The study showed that pa-tients who had a metastatic disease since the diagnosis usually had a worse prognosis (with statistical significance: p<0.0001). It also emerged that patients who were treated with ad-juvant therapies had a better survival (not with statistical significance: p=0.3701) then the ones who were only treated surgically. In the analyzed population, 17.7% of patients de-veloped distant metastases after the diagnosis and 14.6% developed a local recurrence in-stead. 36.5% of patients had post-operative complications of which 42.9% were infections. 54.7% of patients had a shrinkage of the tumor after the preoperative therapies. Specifically, the 30.8% of the ones who were only treated with radiotherapy had a shrinkage. Conclusions: it’s crucial to treat patients with soft tissue sarcomas in specialized Centers. These patients need a careful diagnostic process and a multidisciplinary approach to have the best chances of survival. The variations in tumor volume, before and after the therapies, are usually small and are mostly due to necrosis and aedema. The gold standard treatment for soft tissue sarcomas includes surgery with wide surgical margins and radiotherapy. Nowadays the same chemotherapy drugs are used in all patients, but this strategy lessens the effectiveness of the treatment. It is necessary to conduct more studies to develop different pharmacological treatments for different histotypes of soft tissue sarcomasFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75666