Background and aim of the study: PFAS (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) are contaminating chemical substances for which there is still insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity and regulatory effect on the immune system and immunosurveillance. By studying the population of the IMMUNOREACT Project, divided by risk areas for exposure to PFAS in the Miteni case (Trissino – Vicenza), we evaluated the potential effect of PFAS on immunosurveillance mechanisms in the healthy rectal mucosa adjacent to tumors in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: This study is a preliminary analysis of the data from the prospective arm of the IMMUNOREACT 1 project. In this multicenter study, the healthy mucosa adjacent to the tumors of patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer was collected. A prospective analysis was performed with the immunofluorescence technique to determine the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA ABC or HLA DR and the proportion of activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells and T reg. The population was divided into risk areas. Results: In the case series analyzed it appears that, in the tumor tissue, the epithelial antigen presenting cells expressing CD80+, CD86+ and HLAabc+ are less represented in the subjects coming from the High risk zones, showing that the immunosurveillance arranged by those cells is somehow less active and maybe there is an impairment of the presentation of the antigen. As regards the study of the inflammatory microenvironment in the healthy mucosa adjacent to the tumor, in the group of patients in the High risk zones, there is a lower quantity of CD80+ epithelial antigen presenting cells but a greater number of CD80+ immunity cells. It appears, therefore, that PFAS exposure is associated in cancer and in peritumoral tissue with a lower ability of epithelial cells to present antigens, and this alteration may consequently lead to the recruitment of macrophages and dendritic cells in the healthy mucosa adjacent to the cancer.
Presupposti e scopo dello studio: I PFAS (sostanze per- e poli-fluoroalchiliche) sono sostanze chimiche contaminanti per le quali ancora non si ha sufficiente evidenza di cancerogenicità e di effetto regolatore sul sistema immunitario e sull’immunosorveglianza. Studiando la popolazione del Progetto IMMUNOREACT, suddivisa per aree di rischio per l’esposizione ai PFAS della vicenda Miteni (Trissino – Vicenza), si è andati a valutare il potenziale effetto dei PFAS sui meccanismi di immunosorveglianza nella mucosa rettale sana adiacente alle neoplasie in pazienti con cancro del retto. Materiali e metodi: Questo studio è un’analisi dei dati del ramo prospettico del progetto IMMUNOREACT 1. In questo studio multicentrico è stata raccolta la mucosa sana limitrofa alle neoplasie di pazienti con cancro del retto non metastatico. È stata eseguita un’analisi prospettica con la tecnica dell’immunofluorescenza per determinare l’espressione di CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA ABC e HLA DR e la proporzione di cellule T CD8+ attivate, cellule CD4+ Th1 e T reg. La popolazione oggetto dello studio è stata divisa per zone di rischio di esposizione. Risultati: Nella casistica analizzata risulta che, nel tessuto tumorale, le cellule epiteliali presentanti l'antigene CD80+, CD86+ e HLAabc+ sono meno rappresentate nei soggetti provenienti dalle zone ad alta esposizione, dimostrando che l'immunosorveglianza orchestrata da tali cellule è in qualche modo meno attiva e con una contestuale compromissione della presentazione dell'antigene. Per quanto riguarda lo studio del microambiente infiammatorio nella mucosa sana adiacente al tumore, nel gruppo di pazienti nelle zone ad alta esposizione, è presente una quantità inferiore di cellule epiteliali presentanti l'antigene CD80+ ma al contempo è presente un numero maggiore di cellule immunitarie CD80+. Sembra quindi che l'esposizione ai PFAS sia associata nel cancro e nel tessuto peritumorale ad una minore capacità d’azione delle cellule epiteliali di presentare l'antigene e che tale alterazione possa indurre un conseguente richiamo di macrofagi e cellule dendritiche nella mucosa sana adiacente al cancro.
IMMUNOREACT 12: environmental factors influencing immunosurveillance in rectal cancer
FACCI, LUCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background and aim of the study: PFAS (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) are contaminating chemical substances for which there is still insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity and regulatory effect on the immune system and immunosurveillance. By studying the population of the IMMUNOREACT Project, divided by risk areas for exposure to PFAS in the Miteni case (Trissino – Vicenza), we evaluated the potential effect of PFAS on immunosurveillance mechanisms in the healthy rectal mucosa adjacent to tumors in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: This study is a preliminary analysis of the data from the prospective arm of the IMMUNOREACT 1 project. In this multicenter study, the healthy mucosa adjacent to the tumors of patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer was collected. A prospective analysis was performed with the immunofluorescence technique to determine the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA ABC or HLA DR and the proportion of activated CD8+ T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells and T reg. The population was divided into risk areas. Results: In the case series analyzed it appears that, in the tumor tissue, the epithelial antigen presenting cells expressing CD80+, CD86+ and HLAabc+ are less represented in the subjects coming from the High risk zones, showing that the immunosurveillance arranged by those cells is somehow less active and maybe there is an impairment of the presentation of the antigen. As regards the study of the inflammatory microenvironment in the healthy mucosa adjacent to the tumor, in the group of patients in the High risk zones, there is a lower quantity of CD80+ epithelial antigen presenting cells but a greater number of CD80+ immunity cells. It appears, therefore, that PFAS exposure is associated in cancer and in peritumoral tissue with a lower ability of epithelial cells to present antigens, and this alteration may consequently lead to the recruitment of macrophages and dendritic cells in the healthy mucosa adjacent to the cancer.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75794