Background: Breast reconstruction with heterologous implants, such as prostheses or expanders, can lead to postoperative complications in patients undergoing mastectomy surgery. The use of autologous flaps often represents the best choice; however, in the event of postoperative vascular complications, it is possible that the flap may undergo tissue necrosis, with the possibility of loss unless a rapid salvage surgery is performed. The complications of a breast reconstruction with a microsurgical flap can have a very important physical and psychological impact on a woman's well-being. Early diagnosis of complications and prompt re-operation are a fundamental prerogative for flap survival; it follows that continuous post-operative monitoring is essential to save the patient. The aim of our study is to investigate a possible method of postoperative surveillance using regional O3 oximetry using a NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) device in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap (deep inferior epigastric perforator artery flap) in order to use a non-invasive motor, extremely economical, easily available and usable by all professionals. Materials and methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed from January 2024 to October 2024 analyzing the values of oxygen saturation, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the post-operative monitoring of DIEP microsurgical flaps in 9 breast reconstruction operations. The study population is made up of 9 women with an average age of 58 (30-76) years, undergoing unilateral breast reconstruction surgery following mastectomy. The device used in postoperative monitoring is the NIRS, from the Masimo ® company: this device is capable of analyzing tissue oxygen saturation (SatO2), oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin values (HbO2, HbH). The statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistic software by analyzing chi-square values and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The analysis of regional tissue saturation, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin values did not highlight critical values that had statistical significance, however an evaluation and description of the monitoring system with NIRS device and analysis of their typical patterns was performed values. SatO2 measurements showed more variability than deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbH) and oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) measurements. A case with a complication was highlighted which the device detected with an alarm signal, temporally anticipating the clinical worsening. It has been observed that systemic events can have an effect on the parameters of the DIEP flap, however they are transient. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were found to be 100%. Conclusions: This pilot study has highlighted how the measurement of SatO2 using the NIRS system can be an aid to traditional clinical and ultrasonographic monitoring; it allowed us to highlight a possible complication in advance of clinical worsening; it can be used as a valid microsurgical flap monitoring system supplementary or even alternative to the conventional one.
Background: La ricostruzione mammaria con impianti eterologhi, quali protesi o espansori, può portare a complicanze postoperatorie in pazienti sottoposte a intervento di mastectomia. L’utilizzo di lembi autologhi rappresenta spesso la miglior scelta; tuttavia in caso di complicanze vascolari postoperatorie è possibile che il lembo possa andare incontro a necrosi tissutale, con possibilità di perdita dello stesso salvo un rapido intervento chirurgico di salvataggio. Le complicanze di una ricostruzione mammaria con lembo microchirurgico possono avere un impatto fisico e psicologico molto importante sul benessere della donna. La diagnosi precoce di complicanze ed il pronto re-intervento chirurgico sono una prerogativa fondamentale per la sopravvivenza del lembo; ne deriva che un monitoraggio post-operatorio continuo è essenziale per il salvataggio dello stesso. Lo scopo del nostro studio è quello di indagare un possibile metodo di sorveglianza postoperatoria tramite l’ossimetria O3 regionale tramite dispositivo NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) in pazienti sottoposte a ricostruzione mammaria con lembo DIEP flap (deep inferior epigastric perforator artery flap) al fine di utilizzare una motodica non invasiva, estremamente economica, facilmente reperibile e utilizzabile da tutte le figure professionali. Materiali e metodi: E’ stato eseguito uno studio prospettico longitudinale da Gennaio 2024 a Ottobre 2024 analizzando i valori di saturazione di ossigeno, di emoglobina ossigenata e deossigenata nel monitoraggio post operatorio di lembi microchirurgici DIEP in 9 interventi di ricostruzione mammaria. La popolazione in studio è composta da 9 donne con età media di 58 (30-76) anni, sottoposte ad intervento di ricostruzione mammaria monolaterale successivo a mastectomia. Il dispositivo utilizzato nel monitoraggio postoperatorio è la NIRS, dell’azienda Masimo ®: tale dispositivo è capace di analizzare la saturazione tissutale di ossigeno (SatO2), i valori di emoglobina ossigenata e deossigenata (HbO2, HbH). L’analisi statistica è stata condotta mediante software IBM SPSS Statistic analizzando valori di chi-quadro e valori di p < 0.05 sono stati considerati statisticamente significativi. Risultati: L’analisi dei valori di saturazione tissutale regionale, di emoglobina ossigenata e deossigenata non hanno evidenziato valori critici che avessero una significatività statistica, tuttavia è stata eseguita una valutazione e descrizione del sistema di monitoraggio con dispositivo NIRS e analisi dei pattern tipici degli stessi valori. Le misure di SatO2 hanno mostrato più variabilità rispetto a quelle di emoglobina deossigenata (HbH) ed emoglobina ossigenata (HbO2). Si è evidenziato un caso con complicanza che il dispositivo ha rilevato con segnale di allarme anticipando temporalmente il peggioramento clinico. Si è osservato come eventi sistemici possano avere un effetto sui parametri del lembo DIEP, tuttavia risultano transitori. La sensibilità , specificità, valore predittivo negativo e valore predittivo positivo sono risultati essere del 100%. Conclusioni: Questo studio pilota ha evidenziato come la misurazione della SatO2 mediante il sistema NIRS possa essere uno strumento di ausilio rispetto al monitoraggio clinico ed ultrasonografico tradizionali; ha permesso di evidenziare una possibile complicanza con anticipo rispetto al peggioramento clinico; potrà essere utilizzato come valido sistema di monitoraggio dei lembi microchirurgici integrativo o addirittura alternativo a quello convenzionale.
Utilizzo dell'ossimetria regionale O3 nel monitoraggio postoperatorio dei lembi microchirurgici DIEP: studio clinico-sperimentale
BIFFOLI, BERNARDO
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: Breast reconstruction with heterologous implants, such as prostheses or expanders, can lead to postoperative complications in patients undergoing mastectomy surgery. The use of autologous flaps often represents the best choice; however, in the event of postoperative vascular complications, it is possible that the flap may undergo tissue necrosis, with the possibility of loss unless a rapid salvage surgery is performed. The complications of a breast reconstruction with a microsurgical flap can have a very important physical and psychological impact on a woman's well-being. Early diagnosis of complications and prompt re-operation are a fundamental prerogative for flap survival; it follows that continuous post-operative monitoring is essential to save the patient. The aim of our study is to investigate a possible method of postoperative surveillance using regional O3 oximetry using a NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) device in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap (deep inferior epigastric perforator artery flap) in order to use a non-invasive motor, extremely economical, easily available and usable by all professionals. Materials and methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed from January 2024 to October 2024 analyzing the values of oxygen saturation, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the post-operative monitoring of DIEP microsurgical flaps in 9 breast reconstruction operations. The study population is made up of 9 women with an average age of 58 (30-76) years, undergoing unilateral breast reconstruction surgery following mastectomy. The device used in postoperative monitoring is the NIRS, from the Masimo ® company: this device is capable of analyzing tissue oxygen saturation (SatO2), oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin values (HbO2, HbH). The statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistic software by analyzing chi-square values and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The analysis of regional tissue saturation, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin values did not highlight critical values that had statistical significance, however an evaluation and description of the monitoring system with NIRS device and analysis of their typical patterns was performed values. SatO2 measurements showed more variability than deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbH) and oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) measurements. A case with a complication was highlighted which the device detected with an alarm signal, temporally anticipating the clinical worsening. It has been observed that systemic events can have an effect on the parameters of the DIEP flap, however they are transient. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were found to be 100%. Conclusions: This pilot study has highlighted how the measurement of SatO2 using the NIRS system can be an aid to traditional clinical and ultrasonographic monitoring; it allowed us to highlight a possible complication in advance of clinical worsening; it can be used as a valid microsurgical flap monitoring system supplementary or even alternative to the conventional one.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76221