Background: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the effectiveness of OSA treatment in reducing this risk remains debated. Specifically, the management of patients with moderate-severe asymptomatic OSA remains challenging, as there is no convincing evidence on the benefits of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in this context. Objective: to assess whether patients with moderate-to-severe OSA without excessive daytime sleepiness, non-obese, and with no history of cardiovascular disease bear a cardiovascular risk similar to that of patients without OSA with the same features. Materials and methods: a database was created from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, Sleep Heart Health Study, and MrOS Sleep Study. Patients without excessive daytime sleepiness, BMI <30 kg/m², and no history of cardiovascular disease were selected. These were further divided into patients with moderate-severe OSA (N = 885) and patients with no OSA (N = 1835) and compared. A meta-analysis was performed on individual patient data. Results: patients with moderate-severe OSA had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1,66, 95%CI 1,15–2,39, p 0,006) and cardiovascular events (HR 1,63, 95%CI 1,30-2,04, p<0,001). However, after adjusting for anthropometric and clinical covariates, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality (HR 0,80, 95%CI 0,54-1,19, p 0,27) and events (HR 1,13, 95% CI 0,78–1,65, p = 0,52) between OSA and non-OSA patients. Conclusions: the analysis highlights that low-risk patients with moderate-severe OSA and no daytime sleepiness do not have a greater cardiovascular risk compared to patients with the same features but without OSA. This suggests that in this population CPAP treatment may not be beneficial, except for the treatment of OSA-related symptoms.
Introduzione: le apnee ostruttive nel sonno (OSA) rappresentano un fattore di rischio per le malattie cardiovascolari, tuttavia l’efficacia del trattamento dell’OSA nella riduzione di tale rischio rimane oggetto di dibattito. In particolare, la gestione dei pazienti con OSA moderata- severa asintomatica rimane una sfida, non essendovi evidenze convincenti sul beneficio del trattamento con ventilazione a pressione positiva continua delle vie aeree (CPAP) in tale contesto. Obiettivo: valutare se i pazienti con OSA moderata-severa senza sonnolenza, non obesi e con anamnesi negativa per pregressa malattia cardiovascolare presentino un rischio di complicanze cardiovascolari analogo a quello dei pazienti senza OSA con le medesime caratteristiche. Materiali e metodi: è stato costruito un database partendo dagli studi Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, Sleep Heart Health Study e MrOS Sleep study. Sono stati selezionati pazienti senza sonnolenza, con BMI <30 kg/m2 e nessuna storia di malattia cardiovascolare. Questi sono stati ulteriormente suddivisi in pazienti con OSA moderata-severa (N 885) e pazienti senza OSA (N 1835) e quindi sottoposti a confronto. È stata eseguita una metanalisi su dati individuali. Risultati: i pazienti con OSA moderata-severa hanno all’analisi di sopravvivenza un rischio maggiore di mortalità cardiovascolare (HR 1,66, 95%CI 1,15-2,39, p 0,006) ed eventi cardiovascolari (HR 1,63, 95%CI 1,30-2,04, p<0,001). Tuttavia dopo aggiustamento per le covariate antropometriche e cliniche non vi era una differenza significativa di eventi CV (HR 1,13, 95%CI 0,78-1,65, p 0,52) e mortalità CV (HR 0,80, 95%CI 0,54-1,19, p 0,27) tra i pazienti OSA ed i pazienti non-OSA. Conclusioni: l’analisi evidenzia come i pazienti a basso rischio CV con OSA moderato-severa senza sonnolenza diurna non presentano un rischio cardiovascolare maggiore se comparati a pazienti con le medesime caratteristiche ma senza OSA, suggerendo come in tale popolazione il trattamento con CPAP potrebbe non avere indicazione se non per la risoluzione dei sintomi correlati all’OSA.
RISCHIO CARDIOVASCOLARE NEI PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA APNEE OSTRUTTIVE NEL SONNO MODERATE-SEVERE A BASSO RISCHIO: METANALISI SU DATI INDIVIDUALI
MAGGI, MICHAEL
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the effectiveness of OSA treatment in reducing this risk remains debated. Specifically, the management of patients with moderate-severe asymptomatic OSA remains challenging, as there is no convincing evidence on the benefits of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in this context. Objective: to assess whether patients with moderate-to-severe OSA without excessive daytime sleepiness, non-obese, and with no history of cardiovascular disease bear a cardiovascular risk similar to that of patients without OSA with the same features. Materials and methods: a database was created from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, Sleep Heart Health Study, and MrOS Sleep Study. Patients without excessive daytime sleepiness, BMI <30 kg/m², and no history of cardiovascular disease were selected. These were further divided into patients with moderate-severe OSA (N = 885) and patients with no OSA (N = 1835) and compared. A meta-analysis was performed on individual patient data. Results: patients with moderate-severe OSA had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1,66, 95%CI 1,15–2,39, p 0,006) and cardiovascular events (HR 1,63, 95%CI 1,30-2,04, p<0,001). However, after adjusting for anthropometric and clinical covariates, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality (HR 0,80, 95%CI 0,54-1,19, p 0,27) and events (HR 1,13, 95% CI 0,78–1,65, p = 0,52) between OSA and non-OSA patients. Conclusions: the analysis highlights that low-risk patients with moderate-severe OSA and no daytime sleepiness do not have a greater cardiovascular risk compared to patients with the same features but without OSA. This suggests that in this population CPAP treatment may not be beneficial, except for the treatment of OSA-related symptoms.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76760