Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Obesity, particularly an increase in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is associated with a chronic inflammatory state that may promote tumor development. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity impact patients’ performance status, with cancer cachexia representing the extreme and most detrimental end of this spectrum. However, the specific role of visceral obesity and muscle tissue health in CRC prognosis remains not fully understood. This study investigates body composition analysis as a risk assessment tool to improve clinical management of patients undergoing surgery for CRC. Materials and Methods This retrospective observational study included 233 patients who underwent surgery for CRC at the Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital in Rovigo between 2017 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 45 to 80 years diagnosed with CRC and subjected to surgical resection. Patients with genetic syndromes, those operated on urgently, and patients with stage IV carcinoma were excluded. Body composition measurements were performed using CT scans, focusing on VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) indicative of myosteatosis, and muscle density (SMD) of the psoas and erector spinae muscles, as well as sarcopenia assessed through the cross-sectional area of these muscles. These parameters were correlated with mortality, stage at the time of surgery, and survival. Results Adiposity measures were found to have no significant impact on survival, suggesting that adiposity alone may not fully capture the complexity of body composition’s influence on cancer prognosis. Parameters related to muscle composition and quality, particularly myosteatosis measured via IMAT and SMD, proved more significant than muscle area as critical indicators of survival. This highlights the complex role of muscle characteristics that extends beyond traditional body mass or adipose distribution metrics. The development of an integrated prognostic index, including psoas IMAT and erector spinae SMD, could provide more precise stratification and aid in identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from early intervention strategies. Additionally, this underscores the importance of comprehensive patient management from nutritional and physical therapy perspectives to improve muscle quality.
Introduzione Il carcinoma del colon-retto (CCR) è una delle principali cause di mortalità oncologica. L'obesità, in particolare l'aumento del tessuto adiposo viscerale (VAT), è associata a uno stato infiammatorio cronico che può favorire lo sviluppo tumorale. La sarcopenia e l'obesità sarcopenica impattano sul performance status dei pazienti, con la cachessia cancerosa come estremità di tale spettro in senso peggiorativo. Tuttavia, il ruolo specifico dell’obesità viscerale e della salute del tessuto muscolare nella prognosi per il CCR non è ancora pienamente compreso. Questo studio esplora l’analisi della composizione corporea come strumento di valutazione del rischio per migliorare la gestione clinica dei pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia per CCR. Materiali e Metodi Lo studio retrospettivo osservazionale ha incluso 233 pazienti operati per CCR presso l’Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Rovigo tra il 2017 e il 2019. I criteri di inclusione comprendevano pazienti di età compresa tra 45 e 80 anni con diagnosi di CCR e sottoposti a resezione chirurgica. Sono stati esclusi i pazienti con sindromi genetiche, quelli operati in urgenza e i pazienti con carcinoma allo stadio IV. Le misurazioni della composizione corporea sono state effettuate tramite TAC, con particolare attenzione al VAT, al tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo (SAT), alla miosteatosi intesa come infiltrazione adiposa muscolare (IMAT) e densità muscolare (SMD) dei muscoli psoas ed erettore della colonna e alla sarcopenia misurata tramite definizione dell'area dei suddetti muscoli. Questi parametri sono stati correlati con la mortalità, lo stadio al momento dell’intervento e la sopravvivenza. Risultati Le misure di adiposità si sono rivelate non impattanti sulla sopravvivenza, suggerendo che l’adiposità da sola potrebbe non catturare appieno la complessità dell’impatto della composizione corporea sulla prognosi del cancro. I parametri legati alla composizione e alla qualità muscolare, in particolare la miosteatosi misurata tramite IMAT e SMD, maggiormente significativi rispetto all’area muscolare, sono emersi come indicatori critici per la sopravvivenza, suggerendo un ruolo complesso delle caratteristiche muscolari che va oltre le misure tradizionali di massa corporea o distribuzione adiposa. Si può ipotizzare lo sviluppo di un indice prognostico integrato che includa l’IMAT dello psoas e l’SMD dell’erettore della colonna, fornendo una stratificazione più precisa e facilitando l’identificazione di pazienti a rischio elevato che potrebbero beneficiare di strategie di intervento precoce, oltre a porre l’accento sull’importanza di una presa in carico dei pazienti dal punto di vista nutrizionale e chinesiologico che supporti il miglioramento qualitativo del comparto muscolare.
Composizione Corporea Addominale Valutata Mediante Tomografia Assiale Compiuterizzata nei Pazienti con Tumore del Colon-Retto
PONTESILLI, GIULIA MARIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Obesity, particularly an increase in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is associated with a chronic inflammatory state that may promote tumor development. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity impact patients’ performance status, with cancer cachexia representing the extreme and most detrimental end of this spectrum. However, the specific role of visceral obesity and muscle tissue health in CRC prognosis remains not fully understood. This study investigates body composition analysis as a risk assessment tool to improve clinical management of patients undergoing surgery for CRC. Materials and Methods This retrospective observational study included 233 patients who underwent surgery for CRC at the Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital in Rovigo between 2017 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 45 to 80 years diagnosed with CRC and subjected to surgical resection. Patients with genetic syndromes, those operated on urgently, and patients with stage IV carcinoma were excluded. Body composition measurements were performed using CT scans, focusing on VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) indicative of myosteatosis, and muscle density (SMD) of the psoas and erector spinae muscles, as well as sarcopenia assessed through the cross-sectional area of these muscles. These parameters were correlated with mortality, stage at the time of surgery, and survival. Results Adiposity measures were found to have no significant impact on survival, suggesting that adiposity alone may not fully capture the complexity of body composition’s influence on cancer prognosis. Parameters related to muscle composition and quality, particularly myosteatosis measured via IMAT and SMD, proved more significant than muscle area as critical indicators of survival. This highlights the complex role of muscle characteristics that extends beyond traditional body mass or adipose distribution metrics. The development of an integrated prognostic index, including psoas IMAT and erector spinae SMD, could provide more precise stratification and aid in identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from early intervention strategies. Additionally, this underscores the importance of comprehensive patient management from nutritional and physical therapy perspectives to improve muscle quality.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76765