The phenomenon of Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (MSNA) arriving in Italy has increased significantly over the last ten years, especially since 2015, due to the numerous social conflicts and wars in Asia and Africa and also from non-EU European countries. In 2017, with Law no. 47/2017, known as the "Zampa Law", important changes were introduced for the protection, reception and inclusion of unaccompanied foreign minors arriving in our country. The provisions prescribed by the Zampa Law apply to unaccompanied foreign minors, due to their greater vulnerability. Among the innovations of the legislation, the most important is included in art.3, paragraph 1-bis, which contains the following prescription: "In no case can the rejection of unaccompanied foreign minors at the border be ordered". Other articles are significant and of great interest for the MSNA, who will also be provided for and supported, in their process of growth and social inclusion on Italian territory, by a voluntary guardian (Voluntary guardian of unaccompanied foreign minor), specifically trained through a course organized by the Regional Guarantors of Childhood and Adolescence and appointed by the Juvenile Court of reference. The Zampa Law is also innovative compared to other countries of the European Union, which do not have such advanced national legal provisions for the protection of minors who cross the borders of the Schengen area in the absence of family members or adult relatives. The Zampa Law is a legal provision that fully complies with art. 10 of the Italian Constitution, as well as with supranational legislation for the protection of children and adolescents. But if in theory Law 47/2017 makes a great leap forward in the protection of unaccompanied foreign minors present on Italian territory, how is its application in reality?What is the gap between the theory and its implementation? Can voluntary guardians of unaccompanied foreign minors prove to be “sentinels” on the effective application of the Zampa Law? The aim of this research is to investigate and reveal the most significant distances and obstacles between “saying and doing” in the effective observation of the guidelines and practices prescribed by the Law by those who operate institutionally in the field of unaccompanied foreign minors in the: State, courts, social services, reception facilities, and other actors in the circuit.
Il fenomeno di arrivo in Italia di Minori Stranieri Non Accompagnati (MSNA) si è molto ampliato negli ultimi dieci anni, in particolare a partire dal 2015, a causa dei numerosi confltti sociali e bellici presenti in Asia e in Africa e anche provenienti da paesi europei non facenti parte dell'Unione Europea. Nel 2017, con la Legge n. 47/2017, detta Legge Zampa, vengono introdotti importanti cambiamenti per la protezione, l'accoglienza e l'inclusione dei minori stranieri non accompagnati in arrivo nel nostro Paese. Le disposizioni che prescrive la Legge Zampa vengono applicate ai minori stranieri non accompagnati, in ragione della loro condizione di maggiore vulnerabilita'. Tra le innovazioni della normativa, la più importante è inserita nell'art.3,comma 1-bis, che reca il divieto di respingimento dei minori: «In nessun caso puo' disporsi il respingimento alla frontiera di minori stranieri non accompagnati». Altri articoli sono signicativi e di superiore interesse per il MSNA, che anche verrà dotato e supportato, nel suo processo di crescita e inclusione sociale sul territorio italiano, da un tutore volontario (Tutore volontaro di minore straniero non accompagnato), appositamente formato tramite un corso attivato dai Garanti Regionali dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza e nominato dal Tribunale per i Minorenni di riferimento. La Legge Zampa risulta innovativa anche rispetto agli altri Paesi dell'Unione Europea, che non hanno norme giuridiche nazionali così avanzate per la tutela dei minori che varcano i confini dello spazio Schengen in assenza di familiari o parentela adulta. La Legge Zampa è una norma giuridica che attiene a tutti gli effetti all'art.10 della Costituzione Italiana, nonché alla normativa sovranazionale per la protezione dei bambini e degli adolescenti. Ma se in teoria la Legge 47/2017 fa un grande balzo in avanti nella tutela dei minori stranieri non accompagnati presenti sul territorio italiano, come risulta invece la sua applicazione nella realtà dei fatti? Quali si rivelano le criticità tra la teoria e la sua messa in pratica? I tutori volontari di minori stranieri non accompagnati possono rivelarsi delle “sentinelle” sull'applicazione fattiva della Legge Zampa? L'obiettivo di questa ricerca vuole indagare e rivelare le distanze e gli ostacoli più significativi tra “il dire e il fare” nell'osservazione effettiva delle linee guida e delle prassi che prescrive detta Legge da parte di chi opera istituzionalmente in ambito di minori stranieri non accompagnati: Stato, tribunali, servizi sociali, strutture di accoglienza, ed altri attori del circuito.
IL TUTORE VOLONTARIO DI MINORE STRANIERO NON ACCOMPAGNATO - TEORIA E PRATICA DELLA LEGGE 47/2017 DETTA "LEGGE ZAMPA"
SESTINI, LAURA
2023/2024
Abstract
The phenomenon of Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (MSNA) arriving in Italy has increased significantly over the last ten years, especially since 2015, due to the numerous social conflicts and wars in Asia and Africa and also from non-EU European countries. In 2017, with Law no. 47/2017, known as the "Zampa Law", important changes were introduced for the protection, reception and inclusion of unaccompanied foreign minors arriving in our country. The provisions prescribed by the Zampa Law apply to unaccompanied foreign minors, due to their greater vulnerability. Among the innovations of the legislation, the most important is included in art.3, paragraph 1-bis, which contains the following prescription: "In no case can the rejection of unaccompanied foreign minors at the border be ordered". Other articles are significant and of great interest for the MSNA, who will also be provided for and supported, in their process of growth and social inclusion on Italian territory, by a voluntary guardian (Voluntary guardian of unaccompanied foreign minor), specifically trained through a course organized by the Regional Guarantors of Childhood and Adolescence and appointed by the Juvenile Court of reference. The Zampa Law is also innovative compared to other countries of the European Union, which do not have such advanced national legal provisions for the protection of minors who cross the borders of the Schengen area in the absence of family members or adult relatives. The Zampa Law is a legal provision that fully complies with art. 10 of the Italian Constitution, as well as with supranational legislation for the protection of children and adolescents. But if in theory Law 47/2017 makes a great leap forward in the protection of unaccompanied foreign minors present on Italian territory, how is its application in reality?What is the gap between the theory and its implementation? Can voluntary guardians of unaccompanied foreign minors prove to be “sentinels” on the effective application of the Zampa Law? The aim of this research is to investigate and reveal the most significant distances and obstacles between “saying and doing” in the effective observation of the guidelines and practices prescribed by the Law by those who operate institutionally in the field of unaccompanied foreign minors in the: State, courts, social services, reception facilities, and other actors in the circuit.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78203