Freedom represents the hallmark of Sartre's philosophical thought. However, the treatment he gave in his philosophical masterpiece “Being and Nothingness” has always been, since its publication, open to various criticisms. Some of these, such as those of the Catholics or Marxists, did not at all capture the existentialist spirit that animated the philosopher's words. Others, however, closer to his method, constitute a real challenge to the arguments of the '43 work. Such are, in particular, those of Merleau-Ponty, a friend and colleague who in 1945 decided to take up some of Sartre's most important intuitions and compare them with his own philosophy, as the conclusion of his first great work: “The phenomenology of perception”. Since then, the debate around the possibility and reality of a situated and existential freedom has been revived several times, developing up to the present day. This therefore constitutes a fruitful point of interest for approaching one of the most essential themes of philosophy, through dialogue and the fundamental reference to phenomenology. The thesis therefore aims to be included in this debate. To do this we decided, firstly, to retrace the key points of Sartre's work regarding freedom; subsequently we collected and ordered Merleau-Ponty's criticisms, starting from his text, and then the reading that the most essential subsequent interpreters give of the theme. At the end of this first analytical work, which occupies the first two chapters, we show how both developments are theoretically coherent in affirming a certain ambiguity of existence. The dialogue is, therefore, is not effectively exhaustible under certain conditions. Nonetheless, we dedicate a third, final chapter, which aims to indicate an interpretative path in defense of Sartre. Specifically, we will problematize the absence of a thought of the event in Merleau-Ponty, and therefore of the possibility of a radical liberation such as the revolutionary one.
La libertà rappresenta la cifra del pensiero filosofico di Sartre. Tuttavia, la trattazione che ne ha dato nella sua summa filosofica "L'essere e il nulla" è sempre stata, sin dalla pubblicazione, aperta a diverse critiche. Alcune di queste, come quelle dei cattolici o dei marxisti, non coglievano minimamente lo spirito esistenzialista che animava le parole del filosofo. Altre, invece, più vicine al suo metodo, costituiscono una vera sfida alle argomentazioni dell'opera del '43. Tali sono, in particolare, quelle di Merleau-Ponty, amico e collega che nel '45 decide di riprendere alcune delle intuizioni più importanti di Sartre e metterle a confronto con la propria filosofia, come conclusione della sua prima grande opera: "La fenomenologia della percezione". Da allora il dibattito intorno alla possibilità e realtà di una libertà situata ed esistenziale è stato ripreso più volte, sviluppandosi sino ai giorni nostri. Questo costituisce, dunque, un fruttuoso punto di interesse per approcciare uno dei temi più importanti della filosofia, attraverso il dialogo e l'imprescindibile riferimento alla fenomenologia. La tesi ha dunque come obiettivo l'inserimento in questo dibattito. Per fare ciò abbiamo deciso, innanzitutto, di ripercorrere i punti nevralgici dell'opera sartriana riguardo alla libertà; successivamente abbiamo raccolto e ordinato le critiche di Merleau-Ponty, a partire dal suo testo, e quindi la lettura che danno del tema i più importanti interpreti successivi. Alla fine di questo primo lavoro di analisi, che occupa i primi due capitoli, mostriamo come entrambi gli sviluppi siano teoreticamente coerenti nell'affermare una certa ambiguità dell'esistenza, e che quindi il dialogo, poste alcune condizioni, non sia effettivamente esauribile. Cionondimeno, dedichiamo un terzo capitolo, conclusivo, che vuole indicare una strada interpretativa a difesa di Sartre. Nello specifico, problematizzeremo l'assenza di un pensiero dell'evento in Merleau-Ponty, e quindi della possibilità di una liberazione radicale quale quella rivoluzionaria.
L'evento della libertà. Sartre a confronto con Merleau-Ponty.
GAETA, LORENZO PIETRO
2023/2024
Abstract
Freedom represents the hallmark of Sartre's philosophical thought. However, the treatment he gave in his philosophical masterpiece “Being and Nothingness” has always been, since its publication, open to various criticisms. Some of these, such as those of the Catholics or Marxists, did not at all capture the existentialist spirit that animated the philosopher's words. Others, however, closer to his method, constitute a real challenge to the arguments of the '43 work. Such are, in particular, those of Merleau-Ponty, a friend and colleague who in 1945 decided to take up some of Sartre's most important intuitions and compare them with his own philosophy, as the conclusion of his first great work: “The phenomenology of perception”. Since then, the debate around the possibility and reality of a situated and existential freedom has been revived several times, developing up to the present day. This therefore constitutes a fruitful point of interest for approaching one of the most essential themes of philosophy, through dialogue and the fundamental reference to phenomenology. The thesis therefore aims to be included in this debate. To do this we decided, firstly, to retrace the key points of Sartre's work regarding freedom; subsequently we collected and ordered Merleau-Ponty's criticisms, starting from his text, and then the reading that the most essential subsequent interpreters give of the theme. At the end of this first analytical work, which occupies the first two chapters, we show how both developments are theoretically coherent in affirming a certain ambiguity of existence. The dialogue is, therefore, is not effectively exhaustible under certain conditions. Nonetheless, we dedicate a third, final chapter, which aims to indicate an interpretative path in defense of Sartre. Specifically, we will problematize the absence of a thought of the event in Merleau-Ponty, and therefore of the possibility of a radical liberation such as the revolutionary one.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78276