Wind Energy History, Technology and Control

This thesis explores the historical development, technological innovations, and future trends of wind energy, underscoring its pivotal role in the transition to sustainable energy systems. Beginning with the early use of mechanical windmills in ancient civilizations, the study traces the evolution of wind energy to the modern era, where advanced turbines, materials, and design have significantly enhanced efficiency and reduced costs. Through comprehensive literature review and case studies, the research examines the impact of policy frameworks, economic incentives, and global competition on the adoption and diffusion of wind energy technologies. Key topics include the integration of wind energy into smart grids, the growth of offshore wind projects, and the importance of frugal innovation for expanding wind energy's reach in emerging markets. The findings highlight the dynamic nature of wind energy innovation and its critical role in achieving global renewable energy targets. Recommendations for future research emphasize further exploration of frugal innovation strategies, the integration of emerging technologies, and the development of sustainable policy frameworks to support the continued growth of wind energy.