Economic and social impact of the Venice entrance fee on local residents: an empirical analysis

This thesis addresses the complex theme of overtourism through a global analysis of its historical roots, its specific manifestations and the challenges that arise from it, with a special eye on the introduction of an entrance fee aimed at its regulation in the territory of the Italian city of Venice. The research is divided into two main sections: a theoretical framework and an empirical study. The theoretical section begins by exploring the origins of overtourism, providing a detailed overview of its causes, dynamics and economic, social and environmental impacts on destinations globally. The focus is therefore shifted to Venice, one of the most iconic and heavily affected cities, tracing the evolution of tourism from its historical roots to the present day, and examining how overtourism has reshaped its cultural, economic and urban landscape. The analysis of tourism in Venice highlights the current socio-economic and environmental challenges of the city, with particular attention to the problems caused by overcrowding, gentrification and degradation of cultural heritage. The introduction of the entrance fee in Venice as a strategic response to these challenges is also discussed, assessing the objectives behind the adoption of such a measure, its timing and the various criticisms and debates it has aroused among politicians, residents and tourists. The empirical component of the thesis consists of a survey among local residents in Venice to obtain information on their perceptions of overtourism and their views on the introduction of the entrance fee. The survey aims to discover correlations between residents’ experiences of excessive tourism, their quality of life, their economic circumstances and their attitudes towards new regulatory measures. By analysing these data, the study seeks to identify key factors influencing local attitudes and the effectiveness of the entrance fee policy in solving the problems of overtourism. The results of this empirical research are expected to supply valuable information on the complexities of overtourism management in Venice and will provide evidence and recommendations for sustainable tourism strategies that balance economic benefits with the need to preserve the cultural identity and quality of life of Venice’s residents.